Abstract
It has been generally accepted that NADH (nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide) cannot penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thus NADH generated in the cytoplasm cannot be re-oxidized by the electron transport system unless first transported into the mitochondria by a reduced partner of a suitable cytoplasmic NAD-linked dehydrogenase [10]. The malate-aspartate shuttle appears to be one of the principal ways, in rat liver and heart muscle, by which reducing equivalents are transported. Since the shuttle involves the passage of malate, alpha-ketoglutarate, aspartate and glutamate across the mitochondrial membrane, the possibility exists that the shuttle could be controlled by these intermediates [10]. In other tissues, as well as heart and liver, the malate-aspartate shuttle appears to operate [9].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alpert, N. R.: Regulation of the Lactate Metabolism. Helv. Med. Acta. 35, 335–53 (1970).
Bursell, E.: Aspects of the Metabolism of Amino Acids in the Tsetse Fly, Glossina Diptera. J. Insect Physiol. 9, 439–52 (1963).
Edington, D. W.: Pyridine Nucleotide Oxidized to Reduced Ratio as a Regulator of Muscular Performance. Experientia 26, 601–02 (1970).
Edington, D. W., Ward, G. R. and Saville, W. A.: Energy Metabolism of Working Muscle: Concentration Profiles of Selected Metabolites. Amer. J. Physiol. 224, 1375–80 (1973).
Glick, J. L.: Effects of Exercise on the Oxidative Activities in Rat Liver Mitochondria. Amer. J. Physiol. 210, 1215–21 (1961).
HoLloszy, J. O., Oscas, L. B.: Effect of Exercise on Mitochondrial 02 Uptake and the Respiratory Enzyme Activity in Skeletal Muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 2278–82 (1967).
Jobits, F. F., Stainsby, W. N.: Oxidation of Nadh during Contraction of Circulated Mammalian Skeletal Muscle. Resp. Physiol. 4, 292–300 (1968).
Keul, J., Doll, E. and Keppler, D.: Metabolism of Skeletal Muscles. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 301, 198–213 (1968).
LA Noue, K. F., Bryla, J. and Williamson, J. R.: Feedback Interactions in the Control of the Citric Acid Cycle Activity in Rat Heart Mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 667–79 (1972).
LA Noue, K. F., Williamson, J. R.: Interrelationships Between the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle and the Citric Acid Cycle in Rat Heart Mitochondria. Metabolism 20, 119–40 (1971).
Lehninger, A. L., Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Cell Structure and Function, p. 408 ( Worth Publishers Inc., New York 1970 ).
Pfleiderer, Gerhard: L-Aspartic Acid and L-Asparagine Determination with Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Malic Dehydrogenase; in Bergmeyer, H. U.: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, p. 381–3 ( Academic Press, New York/London 1963 ).
Sacktor, B., Wormser-Shavitt, E. and White, J. I.: Dpn-Linked Cytoplasmic Metabolites in Rat Leg Muscle In-Situ During Contraction and Recovery. J. Biol. Chem. 240, 2678–82 (1965).
Sacktor, B., Wormser-Shavitt, E. and White, J. I.: Regulation of Metabolism in Working Muscle In-Vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 624–34 (1966).
Safer, B., Smith, Colleen and Williamson, J. R.: Control of the Transport of Reducing Equivalents Across the Mitochondrial Membrane in Perfused Rat Heart. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 2, 11–24 (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Springer Basel AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koziol, B.J., Edington, D.W. (1975). The Effects of Prolonged Direct Muscle Stimulation on Biochemicals Associated with the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle in Rat Skeletal Muscle. In: Howald, H., Poortmans, J.R. (eds) Metabolic Adaptation to Prolonged Physical Exercise. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5523-5_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5523-5_18
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-7643-0725-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-5523-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive