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The Role of Inflammation in Sarcoma

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Inflammation and Cancer

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 816))

Abstract

Sarcomas encompass a heterogenous group of tumors with diverse pathologically and clinically overlapping features. It is a rarely curable disease, and their management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Chronic inflammation has emerged as one of the hallmarks of tumors including sarcomas. Classical inflammation-associated sarcomas comprise the inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma and Kaposi sarcoma. The identification of specific chromosomal translocations and important intracellular signaling pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, insulin-like growth factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, sonic hedgehog and Notch together with the increasing knowledge of angiogenesis has led to development of targeted therapies that aim to interrupt these pathways. Innovative agents like oncolytic viruses opened the way to design new therapeutic options with encouraging findings. Preclinical evidence also highlights the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals as they can inhibit multiple pathways while being less toxic. This chapter gives an overview of actual therapeutic standards, newest evidence-based studies and exciting options for targeted therapies in sarcomas.

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Abbreviations

ANG:

Angiogenin

AS:

Angiosarcoma

BGS:

Baller–Gerold syndrome

BLS:

Bloom syndrome

BS:

Bone sarcoma

CCS:

Clear cell sarcoma

CS:

Chondrosarcoma

DBA:

Diamond–Blackfan anemia

EC:

Endometrial cancer

ECS:

Endometrial carcinosarcoma

EFT:

Ewing's family tumors

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

ES:

Ewings’s sarcoma

FAK:

Focal adhesion kinase

FAP:

Familial adenomatous polyposis

FS:

Fibrosarcoma

GIST:

Gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma

HS:

Histiocytic sarcoma

HAS:

Hemangiosarcoma

Hh:

Hedgehog

HLRCC:

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer

IRS:

Insulin receptor substrate

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

KS:

Kaposi sarcoma

KSHV:

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

STS:

Soft tissue sarcoma

LFS:

Li–Fraumeni syndrome

LMS:

Leiomyosarcoma

LS:

Liposarcoma

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

MFH:

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

MM:

Malignant mesothelioma

MPNST:

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NF1:

Neurofibromatosis type 1

OPN:

Osteopontin

OS:

Osteosarcoma

PGHS-2:

Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

RB:

Retinoblastoma

RMS:

Rhabdomyosarcoma

RTS:

Rothmund–Thomson syndrome

SS:

Synovial sarcoma

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TK:

Tyrosine kinase

WS:

Werner syndrome

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany

    Jürgen Radons

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  1. Jürgen Radons
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  1. Dept of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Bharat B. Aggarwal

  2. Dept of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Bokyung Sung

  3. Dep Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Subash Chandra Gupta

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Radons, J. (2014). The Role of Inflammation in Sarcoma. In: Aggarwal, B., Sung, B., Gupta, S. (eds) Inflammation and Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 816. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_11

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