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Retinoic Acid in Mucosal Immune Regulation

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Book cover IL-17, IL-22 and Their Producing Cells: Role in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

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Abstract

The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are both abundantly produced in the gut and are known to play significant roles in a variety of developmental processes, including the differentiation of lymphocyte lineages. TGF-β mediates the direct inhibition of TH1 and TH2 cytokine polarization concomitant with the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and paradoxically, along with inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, it also induces the differentiation of pro-inflammatory IL-17 producing CD4 helper T cells (TH17). RA, in contrast, is able under certain conditions to stimulate TH2 differentiation, and it is a profound inhibitor of IFN-γ synthesis. Additionally, RA has been shown to efficiently promote gut tropism. We described RA as a key modulator of TGF-β-driven immune deviation capable of suppressing TH17 differentiation while promoting Foxp3+ Treg generation. More recently, RA signaling was also shown to be essential for efficient intestinal immune responses. Here we will discuss how RA can affect mucosal immune regulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Daniel Mucida & Hilde Cheroutre

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  1. Daniel Mucida
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  2. Hilde Cheroutre
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Correspondence to Hilde Cheroutre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Transgénose, Labo. d'Immunologie et, CNRS, rue de la Férollerie 3B, Orleans CX 2, 45071, France

    Valérie Quesniaux

  2. Institut de Transgénose, Labo. d'Immunologie et, CNRS, rue de la Férollerie 3B, Orleans CX 2, 45071, France

    Bernhard Ryffel

  3. Novartis Institute for Biomedical, Research (NIBR), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, 4002, Switzerland

    Franco Padova

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Mucida, D., Cheroutre, H. (2013). Retinoic Acid in Mucosal Immune Regulation. In: Quesniaux, V., Ryffel, B., Padova, F. (eds) IL-17, IL-22 and Their Producing Cells: Role in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0522-3_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0522-3_8

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-0522-3

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