Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

IL-17 and Mucosal Host Defense

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
IL-17, IL-22 and Their Producing Cells: Role in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

  • 1598 Accesses

Abstract

IL-17, a cytokine initially cloned from memory CD+ T cells, is produced by Th17 cells, a new lineage of T cells that are controlled by the transcription factor RORγt, as well as γδ T cells, NK and NKT cells. IL-17A and IL-17F use both IL-17RA and IL-17RC for signaling. IL-17RA is widely expressed in myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and epithelium. IL-17RA signaling is critical for mucosal immunity in the lung against extracellular bacterial infection through the regulation of granulopoietic growth factors and CXC chemokines required for neutrophil recruitment, as well as antimicrobial protein expression in epithelium. Although IL-17RA has a limited role in controlling the primary response to intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, other intracellular bacteria such as Francisella tularensis require IL-17 to mediate Th1 immunity. Furthermore, in the setting of vaccine-induced immunity, IL-17 regulates the recruitment of Th1 cells and is required for optimal vaccine responses for both extracellular and intracellular pathogens.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Beck JM, Rosen MJ, Peavy HH (2001) Pulmonary complications of HIV infection. Report of the fourth NHLBI workshop. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:2120–2126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gallant JE, Moore RD, Chaisson RE (1994) Prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 120:932–944

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cooper AM, Roberts AD, Rhoades ER, Callahan JE, Getzy DM, Orme IM (1995) The role of interleukin-12 in acquired immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunology 84:423–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Flynn JL, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Bloom BR (1993) An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 178:2249–2254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cooper AM, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Griffin JP, Russell DG et al (1993) Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice. J Exp Med 178:2243–2247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Suzuki Y, Conley FK, Remington JS (1989) Importance of endogenous IFN-gamma for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice. J Immunol 143:2045–2050

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gazzinelli RT, Hieny S, Wynn TA, Wolf S, Sher A (1993) Interleukin 12 is required for the T-lymphocyte-independent induction of interferon gamma by an intracellular parasite and induces resistance in T-cell-deficient hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:6115–6119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Finkelman FD, Shea-Donohue T, Goldhill J, Sullivan CA, Morris SC, Madden KB et al (1997) Cytokine regulation of host defense against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes: lessons from studies with rodent models. Annu Rev Immunol 15:505–533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M (2003) Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol 3:733–744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sieling PA, Modlin RL (1994) Cytokine patterns at the site of mycobacterial infection. Immunobiology 191:378–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wolff AJ, O’Donnell AE (2001) Pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Chest 120:1888–1893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rouvier E, Luciani MF, Mattei MG, Denizot F, Golstein P (1993) CTLA-8, cloned from an activated T cell, bearing AU-rich messenger RNA instability sequences, and homologous to a herpesvirus saimiri gene. J Immunol 150:5445–5456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yao Z, Fanslow WC, Seldin MF, Rousseau A-M, Painter SL, Comeau MR et al (1995) Herpesvirus saimiri encodes a new cytokine, IL-17, which binds to novel cytokine receptor. Immunity 3:811–821

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fossiez F, Djossou O, Chomarat P, Flores-Romo L, Ait-Yahia S, Maat C et al (1996) T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. J Exp Med 183:2593–2603

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schwarzenberger P, La Russa V, Miller A, Ye P, Huang W, Zieske A et al (1998) IL-17 stimulates granulopoiesis in mice: use of an alternate, novel gene therapy-derived method for in vivo evaluation of cytokines. J Immunol 161:6383–6389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schwarzenberger P, Huang W, Ye P, Oliver P, Manuel M, Zhang Z et al (2000) Requirement of endogenous stem cell factor and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor for IL-17-mediated granulopoiesis. J Immunol 164:4783–4789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tan W, Huang W, Zhong Q, Schwarzenberger P (2006) IL-17 receptor knockout mice have enhanced myelotoxicity and impaired hemopoietic recovery following gamma irradiation. J Immunol 176:6186–6193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ye P, Rodriguez FH, Kanaly S, Stocking KL, Schurr J, Schwarzenberger P et al (2001) Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense. J Exp Med 194:519–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Forlow SB, Schurr JR, Kolls JK, Bagby GJ, Schwarzenberger PO, Ley K (2001) Increased granulopoiesis through interleukin-17 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in leukocyte adhesion molecule-deficient mice. Blood 98:3309–3314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ley K, Smith E, Stark MA (2006) IL-17A-producing neutrophil-regulatory Tn lymphocytes. Immunol Res 34:229–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Stark MA, Huo Y, Burcin TL, Morris MA, Olson TS, Ley K (2005) Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils regulates granulopoiesis via IL-23 and IL-17. Immunity 22:285–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Witowski J, Pawlaczyk K, Breborowicz A, Scheuren A, Kuzlan-Pawlaczyk M, Wisniewska J et al (2000) IL-17 stimulates intraperitoneal neutrophil infiltration through the release of GRO alpha chemokine from mesothelial cells. J Immunol 165:5814–5821

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McAllister F, Henry A, Kreindler JL, Dubin PJ, Ulrich L, Steele C et al (2005) Role of IL-17A, IL-17 F, and the IL-17 receptor in regulating growth-related oncogene-{alpha} and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in bronchial epithelium: implications for airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. J Immunol 175:404–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kolls JK, Linden A (2004) Interleukin-17 family members and inflammation. Immunity 21:467–476

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Laan M, Cui ZH, Hoshino H, Lötvall J, Sjöstrand M, Gruenert DC et al (1999) Neutrophil recruitment by human IL-17 via C-X-C chemokine release in the airways. J Immunol 162:2347–2352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ferretti S, Bonneau O, Dubois GR, Jones CE, Trifilieff A (2003) IL-17, produced by lymphocytes and neutrophils, is necessary for lipopolysaccharide-induced airway neutrophilia: IL-15 as a possible trigger. J Immunol 170:2106–2112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ruddy MJ, Shen F, Smith JB, Sharma A, Gaffen SL (2004) Interleukin-17 regulates expression of the CXC chemokine LIX/CXCL5 in osteoblasts: implications for inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. J Leukoc Biol 76:135–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hwang SY, Kim JY, Kim KW, Park MK, Moon Y, Kim WU et al (2004) IL-17 induces production of IL-6 and IL-8 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via NF-kappaB- and PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathways. Arthritis Res Ther 6:R120–R128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Laan M, Lötvall J, Chung KF, Lindén A (2001) IL-17-induced cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro: role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Br J Pharmacol 133:200–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Prause O, Laan M, Lötvall J, Lindén A (2003) Pharmacological modulation of interleukin-17-induced GCP-2-, GRO-alpha- and interleukin-8 release in human bronchial epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 462:193–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Qian Y, Liu C, Hartupee J, Altuntas CZ, Gulen MF, Jane-Wit D et al (2007) The adaptor Act1 is required for interleukin 17-dependent signaling associated with autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Nat Immunol 8:247–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Shen F, Ruddy MJ, Plamondon P, Gaffen SL (2005) Cytokines link osteoblasts and inflammation: microarray analysis of interleukin-17- and TNF-{alpha}-induced genes in bone cells. J Leukoc Biol 77:388–399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Miyamoto M, Prause O, Sjöstrand M, Laan M, Lötvall J, Lindén A (2003) Endogenous IL-17 as a mediator of neutrophil recruitment caused by endotoxin exposure in mouse airways. J Immunol 170:4665–4672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hurst SD, Muchamuel T, Gorman DM, Gilbert JM, Clifford T, Kwan S et al (2002) New IL-17 family members promote Th1 or Th2 responses in the lung: in vivo function of the novel cytokine IL-25. J Immunol 169:443–453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hoshino H, Laan M, Sjöstrand M, Lötvall J, Skoogh BE, Lindén A (2000) Increased elastase and myeloperoxidase activity associated with neutrophil recruitment by IL-17 in airways in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105:143–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Casaulta C, Schoni MH, Weichel M, Crameri R, Jutel M, Daigle I et al (2003) IL-10 controls Aspergillus fumigatus- and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-specific T-cell response in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 53:313–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Harrington LE, Hatton RD, Mangan PR, Turner H, Murphy TL, Murphy KM et al (2005) Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages. Nat Immunol 6:1123–1132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Veldhoen M, Hocking RJ, Atkins CJ, Locksley RM, Stockinger B (2006) TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells. Immunity 24:179–189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bettelli E, Carrier Y, Gao W, Korn T, Strom TB, Oukka M et al (2006) Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 441:235–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Liang SC, Tan XY, Luxenberg DP, Karim R, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Collins M et al (2006) Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides. J Exp Med 203:2271–2279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Trompouki E, Hatzivassiliou E, Tsichritzis T, Farmer H, Ashworth A, Mosialos G (2003) CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members. Nature 424:793–796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Aujla SJ, Chan YR, Zheng M, Fei M, Askew DJ, Pociask DA et al (2008) IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Nat Med 14:275–281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lin Y, Ritchea S, Logar A, Slight S, Messmer M, Rangel-Moreno J et al (2009) Interleukin-17 is required for T helper 1 cell immunity and host resistance to the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis. Immunity 31:799–810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bai H, Cheng J, Gao X, Joyee AG, Fan Y, Wang S et al (2009) IL-17/Th17 promotes type 1 T cell immunity against pulmonary intracellular bacterial infection through modulating dendritic cell function. J Immunol 183:5886–5895

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Weaver CT, Harrington LE, Mangan PR, Gavrieli M, Murphy KM (2006) Th17: an effector CD4 T cell lineage with regulatory T cell ties. Immunity 24:677–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hunter CA (2005) New IL-12-family members: IL-23 and IL-27, cytokines with divergent functions. Nat Rev Immunol 5:521–531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Happel KI, Dubin PJ, Zheng M, Ghilardi N, Lockhart C, Quinton LJ et al (2005) Divergent roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Exp Med 202:761–769

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Khader SA, Pearl JE, Sakamoto K, Gilmartin L, Bell GK, Jelley-Gibbs DM et al (2005) IL-23 compensates for the absence of IL-12p70 and is essential for the IL-17 response during tuberculosis but is dispensable for protection and antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses if IL-12p70 is available. J Immunol 175:788–795

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Khader SA, Guglani L, Rangel-Moreno J, Gopal R, Junecko BA, Fountain JJ et al (2011) IL-23 is required for long-term control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and B cell follicle formation in the infected lung. J Immunol 187:5402–5407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Chung DR, Kasper DL, Panzo RJ, Chitnis T, Grusby MJ, Sayegh MH et al (2003) CD4+ T cells mediate abscess formation in intra-abdominal sepsis by an IL-17-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 170:1958–1963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Mangan PR, Harrington LE, O’Quinn DB, Helms WS, Bullard DC, Elson CO et al (2006) Transforming growth factor-β induces development of the TH17 lineage. Nature 441:231–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Huang W, Na L, Fidel PL, Schwarzenberger P (2004) Requirement of interleukin-17A for systemic anti-Candida albicans host defense in mice. J Infect Dis 190:624–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wu Q, Martin RJ, Rino JG, Breed R, Torres RM, Chu HW (2007) IL-23-dependent IL-17 production is essential in neutrophil recruitment and activity in mouse lung defense against respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Microbes Infect 9:78–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Conti HR, Shen F, Nayyar N, Stocum E, Sun JN, Lindemann MJ et al (2009) Th17 cells and IL-17 receptor signaling are essential for mucosal host defense against oral candidiasis. J Exp Med 206:299–311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Puel A, Cypowyj S, Bustamante J, Wright JF, Liu L, Lim HK et al (2011) Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans with inborn errors of interleukin-17 immunity. Science 332:65–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kao CY, Chen Y, Thai P, Wachi S, Huang F, Kim C et al (2004) IL-17 markedly up-regulates beta-defensin-2 expression in human airway epithelium via JAK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. J Immunol 173:3482–3491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Infante-Duarte C, Horton HF, Byrne MC, Kamradt T (2000) Microbial lipopeptides induce the production of IL-17 in Th cells. J Immunol 165:6107–6115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Happel KI, Zheng M, Young E, Quinton LJ, Lockhart E, Ramsay AJ et al (2003) Cutting edge: roles of Toll-like receptor 4 and IL-23 in IL-17 expression in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. J Immunol 170:4432–4436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Michel ML, Keller AC, Paget C, Fujio M, Trottein F, Savage PB et al (2007) Identification of an IL-17-producing NK1.1neg iNKT cell population involved in airway neutrophilia. J Exp Med 204:995–1001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lockhart E, Green AM, Flynn JL (2006) IL-17 production is dominated by gammadelta T cells rather than CD4 T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Immunol 177:4662–4669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Shibata K, Yamada H, Hara H, Kishihara K, Yoshikai Y (2007) Resident Vdelta1+ gammadelta T cells control early infiltration of neutrophils after Escherichia coli infection via IL-17 production. J Immunol 178:4466–4472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Martin B, Hirota K, Cua DJ, Stockinger B, Veldhoen M (2009) Interleukin-17-producing gammadelta T cells selectively expand in response to pathogen products and environmental signals. Immunity 31:321–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Sutton CE, Lalor SJ, Sweeney CM, Brereton CF, Lavelle EC, Mills KH (2009) Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate IL-17 production from gammadelta T cells, amplifying Th17 responses and autoimmunity. Immunity 31:331–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Reynolds JM, Angkasekwinai P, Dong C (2010) IL-17 family member cytokines: regulation and function in innate immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 21:413–423

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Aggarwal S, Ghilardi N, Xie MH, De Sauvage FJ, Gurney AL (2003) Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17. J Biol Chem 278:1910–1914

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Khader SA, Bell GK, Pearl JE, Fountain JJ, Rangel-Moreno J, Cilley GE et al (2007) IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4+ T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Nat Immunol 8:369–377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Romano M, D’Souza S, Adnet PY, Laali R, Jurion F, Palfliet K et al (2006) Priming but not boosting with plasmid DNA encoding mycolyl-transferase Ag85A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases the survival time of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccinated mice against low dose intravenous challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Vaccine 24:3353–3364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Agger EM, Cassidy JP, Brady J, Korsholm KS, Vingsbo-Lundberg C, Andersen P (2008) Adjuvant modulation of the cytokine balance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis subunit vaccines; immunity, pathology and protection. Immunology 124(2):175–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Flynn JL, Chan J (2001) Immunology of tuberculosis. Annu Rev Immunol 19:93–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Scriba TJ, Kalsdorf B, Abrahams DA, Isaacs F, Hofmeister J, Black G et al (2008) Distinct, specific IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cell subsets contribute to the human anti-mycobacterial immune response. J Immunol 180:1962–1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Colditz GA, Brewer TF, Berkey CS, Wilson ME, Burdick E, Fineberg HV et al (1994) Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analysis of the published literature. JAMA 271:698–702

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Higgins SC, Jarnicki AG, Lavelle EC, Mills KH (2006) TLR4 mediates vaccine-induced protective cellular immunity to Bordetella pertussis: role of IL-17-producing T cells. J Immunol 177:7980–7989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Malley R, Srivastava A, Lipsitch M, Thompson CM, Watkins C, Tzianabos A et al (2006) Antibody-independent, interleukin-17A-mediated, cross-serotype immunity to pneumococci in mice immunized intranasally with the cell wall polysaccharide. Infect Immun 74:2187–2195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Chen K, McAleer JP, Lin Y, Paterson DL, Zheng M, Alcorn JF et al (2011) Th17 cells mediate clade-specific, serotype-independent mucosal immunity. Immunity 35:997–1009

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. McNeal MM, Basu M, Bean JA, Clements JD, Choi AH, Ward RL (2007) Identification of an immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope in the VP6 protein of rotavirus following intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice. Virology 363:410–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. McNeal MM, Basu M, Bean JA, Clements JD, Lycke NY, Ramne A et al (2007) Intrarectal immunization of mice with VP6 and either LT(R192G) or CTA1-DD as adjuvant protects against fecal rotavirus shedding after EDIM challenge. Vaccine 25:6224–6231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Smiley KL, McNeal MM, Basu M, Choi AH, Clements JD, Ward RL (2007) Association of gamma interferon and interleukin-17 production in intestinal CD4+ T cells with protection against rotavirus shedding in mice intranasally immunized with VP6 and the adjuvant LT(R192G). J Virol 81:3740–3748

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. McNeal MM, Stone SC, Basu M, Clements JD, Choi AH, Ward RL (2007) IFN-gamma is the only anti-rotavirus cytokine found after in vitro stimulation of memory CD4(+) T cells from mice immunized with a chimeric VP6 protein. Viral Immunol 20:571–584

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the Pennsylvania Department of Health, the Tobacco Formula Funding, and the National Institutes of Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infections Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Shabaana A. Khader

  2. Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Richard King Mellon foundation Institute for Pediatric Research Center, Ranges Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA

    Jay K. Kolls M.D.

Authors
  1. Shabaana A. Khader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jay K. Kolls M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jay K. Kolls M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Transgénose, Labo. d'Immunologie et, CNRS, rue de la Férollerie 3B, Orleans CX 2, 45071, France

    Valérie Quesniaux

  2. Institut de Transgénose, Labo. d'Immunologie et, CNRS, rue de la Férollerie 3B, Orleans CX 2, 45071, France

    Bernhard Ryffel

  3. Novartis Institute for Biomedical, Research (NIBR), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, 4002, Switzerland

    Franco Padova

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Basel

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Khader, S.A., Kolls, J.K. (2013). IL-17 and Mucosal Host Defense. In: Quesniaux, V., Ryffel, B., Padova, F. (eds) IL-17, IL-22 and Their Producing Cells: Role in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0522-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0522-3_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-0521-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-0522-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation