Abstract
Inflammation mediators are known to signal neurons and provoke pain. In this context, proteases can signal sensory neurons at the site of inflammation and modulate pain transmission. In this chapter, we will perform an overview of the multiple mechanisms whereby proteases can signal nerve endings. Proteases can directly activate proteases activated receptor at the membrane of the nerve endings to modulate pain signaling. They can not only be implicated in the secretion of molecules implicated in pain modulation by the nerve endings such as substance P or CGRP but also by other cell type such as fibroblast able to secrete opioid under protease stimulation. Proteases act on pain signal by cleaving proteins implicated in pain sensation, e.g., kalikreins can convert kininogen in bradykinin which acts on pain modulation. Proteins of nerve can be cleaved by proteases and provoke an increase in pain sensation following inflammation. These different mechanisms are explained in this chapter in the context of inflammatory pain.
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- APN:
-
AminoPeptidase N
- ASIC:
-
Acid-sensing ion channels
- B1R B2R:
-
Bradykinin receptor 1, 2
- BK:
-
BradyKinin
- CCI:
-
Chronic constriction injury
- CD13:
-
Cluster of differentiation
- CGRP:
-
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- COX:
-
CycloOXygenase
- DAG:
-
DiAcylGlycerol
- DRG:
-
Dorsal root ganglia
- GABA:
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- GCP:
-
Glutamate carboxypeptidase
- HEK:
-
Human embryonic kidney
- IBS:
-
Irritable Bowel syndrome
- IL:
-
InterLeukin
- KLP:
-
Kallidin-like peptide
- LPA:
-
LysoPhosphAtidic acid
- MAG:
-
Myelin-associated glycoprotein
- mGlu:
-
Metabotropic glutamate
- MPO:
-
MyeloPerOxidase
- NAAG:
-
N-AcetylAspartylGlutamate
- NFL:
-
Neurofilament light chain
- NK:
-
NeuroKinin
- NMDA:
-
N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid
- PAR:
-
Protease-activated receptor
- PIP2:
-
Phosphatidyl Inositol 4,5-bisPhosphate
- PKC:
-
Protein kinase C
- PLC:
-
PhosphoLipase C
- PMPA:
-
Phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid
- SP:
-
Substance P
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- TRP:
-
Transient receptor potential
- TRPA:
-
Transient receptor potential ankyrin
- TRPV:
-
Transient receptor potential vanilloid
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Cenac, N. (2011). Proteases and Inflammatory Pain. In: Vergnolle, N., Chignard, M. (eds) Proteases and Their Receptors in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0157-7_11
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