Abstract
Inflammasomes are crucial actors of the innate immunity. They consist of cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes controlling the biological activities of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Inflammasome assembly depends on protein domain interactions. In this chapter, we focus on the biochemical aspects characterizing the components of the inflammasomes and their assembly into a high molecular weight proteolytic complex.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J (2002) The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell 10:417–426
Mariathasan S, Newton K, Monack DM, Vucic D, French DM, Lee WP, Roose-Girma M, Erickson S, Dixit VM (2004) Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase-1 adaptors ASC and Ipaf. Nature 430:213–218
Schroder K, Muruve DA, Tschopp J (2009) Innate immunity: cytoplasmic DNA sensing by the AIM2 inflammasome. Curr Biol 19:R262–R265
Burckstummer T, Baumann C, Bluml S, Dixit E, Durnberger G, Jahn H, Planyavsky M, Bilban M, Colinge J, Bennett KL et al (2009) An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome. Nat Immunol 10:266–272
Fernandes-Alnemri T, Yu JW, Datta P, Wu J, Alnemri ES (2009) AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA. Nature 458:509–513
Hornung V, Ablasser A, Charrel-Dennis M, Bauernfeind F, Horvath G, Caffrey DR, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA (2009) AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC. Nature 458:514–518
Meyers BC, Morgante M, Michelmore RW (2002) TIR-X and TIR-NBS proteins: two new families related to disease resistance TIR-NBS-LRR proteins encoded in Arabidopsis and other plant genomes. Plant J 32:77–92
Itoh N, Nagata S (1993) A novel protein domain required for apoptosis. Mutational analysis of human Fas antigen. J Biol Chem 268:10932–10937
Chou JJ, Matsuo H, Duan H, Wagner G (1998) Solution structure of the RAIDD CARD and model for CARD/CARD interaction in caspase-2 and caspase-9 recruitment. Cell 94:171–180
Huang B, Eberstadt M, Olejniczak ET, Meadows RP, Fesik SW (1996) NMR structure and mutagenesis of the Fas (APO-1/CD95) death domain. Nature 384:638–641
Hiller S, Kohl A, Fiorito F, Herrmann T, Wider G, Tschopp J, Grutter MG, Wuthrich K (2003) NMR structure of the apoptosis- and inflammation-related NALP1 pyrin domain. Structure 11:1199–1205
Park HH, Lo YC, Lin SC, Wang L, Yang JK, Wu H (2007) The death domain superfamily in intracellular signaling of apoptosis and inflammation. Annu Rev Immunol 25:561–586
Hofmann K, Tschopp J (1995) The death domain motif found in Fas (Apo-1) and TNF receptor is present in proteins involved in apoptosis and axonal guidance. FEBS Lett 371:321–323
Day CL, Dupont C, Lackmann M, Vaux DL, Hinds MG (1999) Solution structure and mutagenesis of the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) from Apaf-1. Cell Death Differ 6:1125–1132
Zhou P, Chou J, Olea RS, Yuan J, Wagner G (1999) Solution structure of Apaf-1 CARD and its interaction with caspase-9 CARD: a structural basis for specific adaptor/caspase interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11265–11270
de Alba E (2009) Structure and interdomain dynamics of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). J Biol Chem 284:32932–32941
Srimathi T, Robbins SL, Dubas RL, Hasegawa M, Inohara N, Park YC (2008) Monomer/dimer transition of the caspase-recruitment domain of human Nod1. Biochemistry 47:1319–1325
Coussens NP, Mowers JC, McDonald C, Nunez G, Ramaswamy S (2007) Crystal structure of the Nod1 caspase activation and recruitment domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 353:1–5
Wagner RN, Proell M, Kufer TA, Schwarzenbacher R (2009) Evaluation of Nod-like receptor (NLR) effector domain interactions. PLoS One 4:e4931
Liepinsh E, Barbals R, Dahl E, Sharipo A, Staub E, Otting G (2003) The death-domain fold of the ASC PYRIN domain, presenting a basis for PYRIN/PYRIN recognition. J Mol Biol 332:1155–1163
Martinon F, Hofmann K, Tschopp J (2001) The pyrin domain: a possible member of the death domain-fold family implicated in apoptosis and inflammation. Curr Biol 11:R118–R120
Bertin J, DiStefano PS (2000) The PYRIN domain: a novel motif found in apoptosis and inflammation proteins. Cell Death Differ 7:1273–1274
Pawlowski K, Pio F, Chu Z, Reed JC, Godzik A (2001) PAAD – a new protein domain associated with apoptosis, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Trends Biochem Sci 26:85–87
Johnston JB, Barrett JW, Nazarian SH, Goodwin M, Ricciuto D, Wang G, McFadden G (2005) A poxvirus-encoded pyrin domain protein interacts with ASC-1 to inhibit host inflammatory and apoptotic responses to infection. Immunity 23:587–598
Verhagen AM, Coulson EJ, Vaux DL (2001) Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and their relatives: IAPs and other BIRPs. Genome Biol 2:reviews3009–reviews3009.10
Leipe DD, Koonin EV, Aravind L (2004) STAND, a class of P-loop NTPases including animal and plant regulators of programmed cell death: multiple, complex domain architectures, unusual phyletic patterns, and evolution by horizontal gene transfer. J Mol Biol 343:1–28
Duncan JA, Bergstralh DT, Wang Y, Willingham SB, Ye Z, Zimmermann AG, Ting JP (2007) Cryopyrin/NALP3 binds ATP/dATP, is an ATPase, and requires ATP binding to mediate inflammatory signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:8041–8046
Faustin B, Lartigue L, Bruey JM, Luciano F, Sergienko E, Bailly-Maitre B, Volkmann N, Hanein D, Rouiller I, Reed JC (2007) Reconstituted NALP1 inflammasome reveals two-step mechanism of caspase-1 activation. Mol Cell 25:713–724
Hawkins PN, Lachmann HJ, Aganna E, McDermott MF (2004) Spectrum of clinical features in Muckle-Wells syndrome and response to anakinra. Arthritis Rheum 50:607–612
McDermott MF, Aksentijevich I (2002) The autoinflammatory syndromes. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2:511–516
Aganna E, Martinon F, Hawkins PN, Ross JB, Swan DC, Booth DR, Lachmann HJ, Bybee A, Gaudet R, Woo P et al (2002) Association of mutations in the NALP3/CIAS1/PYPAF1 gene with a broad phenotype including recurrent fever, cold sensitivity, sensorineural deafness, and AA amyloidosis. Arthritis Rheum 46:2445–2452
Hoffman HM, Gregory SG, Mueller JL, Tresierras M, Broide DH, Wanderer AA, Kolodner RD (2003) Fine structure mapping of CIAS1: identification of an ancestral haplotype and a common FCAS mutation, L353P. Hum Genet 112:209–216
Feldmann J, Prieur AM, Quartier P, Berquin P, Certain S, Cortis E, Teillac-Hamel D, Fischer A, de Saint BG (2002) Chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome is caused by mutations in CIAS1, a gene highly expressed in polymorphonuclear cells and chondrocytes. Am J Hum Genet 71:198–203
Martinon F, Tschopp J (2007) Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: master switches of inflammation. Cell Death Differ 14:10–22
Kobe B, Deisenhofer J (1993) Crystal structure of porcine ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein with leucine-rich repeats. Nature 366:751–756
Istomin AY, Godzik A (2009) Understanding diversity of human innate immunity receptors: analysis of surface features of leucine-rich repeat domains in NLRs and TLRs. BMC Immunol 10:48
Mayor A, Martinon F, De Smedt T, Petrilli V, Tschopp J (2007) A crucial function of SGT1 and HSP90 in inflammasome activity links mammalian and plant innate immune responses. Nat Immunol 8:497–503
da Silva CJ, Miranda Y, Leonard N, Ulevitch R (2007) SGT1 is essential for Nod1 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:6764–6769
Azevedo C, Betsuyaku S, Peart J, Takahashi A, Noel L, Sadanandom A, Casais C, Parker J, Shirasu K (2006) Role of SGT1 in resistance protein accumulation in plant immunity. EMBO J 25:2007–2016
Liu Y, Burch-Smith T, Schiff M, Feng S, Dinesh-Kumar SP (2004) Molecular chaperone Hsp90 associates with resistance protein N and its signaling proteins SGT1 and Rar1 to modulate an innate immune response in plants. J Biol Chem 279:2101–2108
Bouchier-Hayes L, Conroy H, Egan H, Adrain C, Creagh EM, MacFarlane M, Martin SJ (2001) CARDINAL, a novel caspase recruitment domain protein, is an inhibitor of multiple NF-kappa B activation pathways. J Biol Chem 276:44069–44077
Razmara M, Srinivasula SM, Wang L, Poyet JL, Geddes BJ, DiStefano PS, Bertin J, Alnemri ES (2002) CARD-8 protein, a new CARD family member that regulates caspase-1 activation and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 277:13952–13958
Jin Y, Mailloux CM, Gowan K, Riccardi SL, LaBerge G, Bennett DC, Fain PR, Spritz RA (2007) NALP1 in vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 356:1216–1225
Boyden ED, Dietrich WF (2006) Nalp1b controls mouse macrophage susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin. Nat Genet 38:240–244
Bauernfeind FG, Horvath G, Stutz A, Alnemri ES, MacDonald K, Speert D, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Wu J, Monks BG, Fitzgerald KA et al (2009) Cutting edge: NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. J Immunol 183:787–791
McCall SH, Sahraei M, Young AB, Worley CS, Duncan JA, Ting JP, Marriott I (2008) Osteoblasts express NLRP3, a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat region containing receptor implicated in bacterially induced cell death. J Bone Miner Res 23:30–40
Franchi L, Amer A, Body-Malapel M, Kanneganti TD, Ozoren N, Jagirdar R, Inohara N, Vandenabeele P, Bertin J, Coyle A et al (2006) Cytosolic flagellin requires Ipaf for activation of caspase-1 and interleukin 1beta in Salmonella-infected macrophages. Nat Immunol 7:576–582
Zamboni DS, Kobayashi KS, Kohlsdorf T, Ogura Y, Long EM, Vance RE, Kuida K, Mariathasan S, Dixit VM, Flavell RA et al (2006) The Birc1e cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor contributes to the detection and control of Legionella pneumophila infection. Nat Immunol 7:318–325
Pan Q, Mathison J, Fearns C, Kravchenko VV, Da Silva CJ, Hoffman HM, Kobayashi KS, Bertin J, Grant EP, Coyle AJ et al (2007) MDP-induced interleukin-1beta processing requires Nod2 and CIAS1/NALP3. J Leukoc Biol 82:177–183
Choubey D, Duan X, Dickerson E, Ponomareva L, Panchanathan R, Shen H, Srivastava R (2010) Interferon-inducible p200-family proteins as novel sensors of cytoplasmic DNA: role in inflammation and autoimmunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 30:371–380
Choubey D, Snoddy J, Chaturvedi V, Toniato E, Opdenakker G, Thakur A, Samanta H, Engel DA, Lengyel P (1989) Interferons as gene activators. Indications for repeated gene duplication during the evolution of a cluster of interferon-activatable genes on murine chromosome 1. J Biol Chem 264:17182–17189
Martinon F, Petrilli V, Mayor A, Tardivel A, Tschopp J (2006) Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature 440:237–241
Cerretti DP, Kozlosky CJ, Mosley B, Nelson N, Van Ness K, Greenstreet TA, March CJ, Kronheim SR, Druck T, Cannizzaro LA et al (1992) Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Science 256:97–100
Thornberry NA, Bull HG, Calaycay JR, Chapman KT, Howard AD, Kostura MJ, Miller DK, Molineaux SM, Weidner JR, Aunins J et al (1992) A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes. Nature 356:768–774
March CJ, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti DP, Braedt G, Price V, Gillis S, Henney CS, Kronheim SR, Grabstein K et al (1985) Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs. Nature 315:641–647
Cameron P, Limjuco G, Rodkey J, Bennett C, Schmidt JA (1985) Amino acid sequence analysis of human interleukin 1 (IL-1). Evidence for biochemically distinct forms of IL-1. J Exp Med 162:790–801
Li P, Allen H, Banerjee S, Franklin S, Herzog L, Johnston C, McDowell J, Paskind M, Rodman L, Salfeld J et al (1995) Mice deficient in IL-1 beta-converting enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1 beta and resistant to endotoxic shock. Cell 80:401–411
Kuida K, Lippke JA, Ku G, Harding MW, Livingston DJ, Su MS, Flavell RA (1995) Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Science 267:2000–2003
Sansonetti PJ, Phalipon A, Arondel J, Thirumalai K, Banerjee S, Akira S, Takeda K, Zychlinsky A (2000) Caspase-1 activation of IL-1beta and IL-18 are essential for Shigella flexneri-induced inflammation. Immunity 12:581–590
Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Dixit VM, Monack DM (2005) Innate immunity against Francisella tularensis is dependent on the ASC/caspase-1 axis. J Exp Med 202:1043–1049
Lara-Tejero M, Sutterwala FS, Ogura Y, Grant EP, Bertin J, Coyle AJ, Flavell RA, Galan JE (2006) Role of the caspase-1 inflammasome in Salmonella typhimurium pathogenesis. J Exp Med 203:1407–1412
Dinarello CA (2009) Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family. Annu Rev Immunol 27:519–550
Hunter CA, Timans J, Pisacane P, Menon S, Cai G, Walker W, Aste-Amezaga M, Chizzonite R, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA (1997) Comparison of the effects of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma-inducing factor on the production of interferon-gamma by natural killer. Eur J Immunol 27:2787–2792
Kohno K, Kataoka J, Ohtsuki T, Suemoto Y, Okamoto I, Usui M, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M (1997) IFN-gamma-inducing factor (IGIF) is a costimulatory factor on the activation of Th1 but not Th2 cells and exerts its effect independently of IL-12. J Immunol 158:1541–1550
Netea MG, Joosten LA, Lewis E, Jensen DR, Voshol PJ, Kullberg BJ, Tack CJ, van Krieken H, Kim SH, Stalenhoef AF et al (2006) Deficiency of interleukin-18 in mice leads to hyperphagia, obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Med 12:650–656
Sugama S, Conti B (2008) Interleukin-18 and stress. Brain Res Rev 58:85–95
Liew FY, Pitman NI, McInnes IB (2010) Disease-associated functions of IL-33: the new kid in the IL-1 family. Nat Rev Immunol 10:103–110
Sims JE, Smith DE (2010) The IL-1 family: regulators of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 10:89–102
Shao W, Yeretssian G, Doiron K, Hussain SN, Saleh M (2007) The caspase-1 digestome identifies the glycolysis pathway as a target during infection and septic shock. J Biol Chem 282:36321–36329
Wang S, Miura M, Jung YK, Zhu H, Li E, Yuan J (1998) Murine caspase-11, an ICE-interacting protease, is essential for the activation of ICE. Cell 92:501–509
Nour AM, Yeung YG, Santambrogio L, Boyden ED, Stanley ER, Brojatsch J (2009) Anthrax lethal toxin triggers the formation of a membrane-associated inflammasome complex in murine macrophages. Infect Immun 77:1262–1271
Yen JH, Ganea D (2009) Interferon beta induces mature dendritic cell apoptosis through caspase-11/caspase-3 activation. Blood 114:1344–1354
Hisahara S, Yuan J, Momoi T, Okano H, Miura M (2001) Caspase-11 mediates oligodendrocyte cell death and pathogenesis of autoimmune-mediated demyelination. J Exp Med 193:111–122
Fradejas N, Pastor MD, Burgos M, Beyaert R, Tranque P, Calvo S (2010) Caspase-11 mediates ischemia-induced astrocyte death: involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and C/EBP homologous protein. J Neurosci Res 88:1094–1105
Li J, Brieher WM, Scimone ML, Kang SJ, Zhu H, Yin H, von Andrian UH, Mitchison T, Yuan J (2007) Caspase-11 regulates cell migration by promoting Aip1-Cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization. Nat Cell Biol 9:276–286
Pelletier N, Casamayor-Palleja M, De Luca K, Mondiere P, Saltel F, Jurdic P, Bella C, Genestier L, Defrance T (2006) The endoplasmic reticulum is a key component of the plasma cell death pathway. J Immunol 176:1340–1347
Hitomi J, Katayama T, Eguchi Y, Kudo T, Taniguchi M, Koyama Y, Manabe T, Yamagishi S, Bando Y, Imaizumi K et al (2004) Involvement of caspase-4 in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and Abeta-induced cell death. J Cell Biol 165:347–356
Obeng EA, Boise LH (2005) Caspase-12 and caspase-4 are not required for caspase-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 280:29578–29587
Soung YH, Jeong EG, Ahn CH, Kim SS, Song SY, Yoo NJ, Lee SH (2008) Mutational analysis of caspase 1, 4, and 5 genes in common human cancers. Hum Pathol 39:895–900
Nakagawa T, Zhu H, Morishima N, Li E, Xu J, Yankner BA, Yuan J (2000) Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta. Nature 403:98–103
Morishima N, Nakanishi K, Takenouchi H, Shibata T, Yasuhiko Y (2002) An endoplasmic reticulum stress-specific caspase cascade in apoptosis. Cytochrome c-independent activation of caspase-9 by caspase-12. J Biol Chem 277:34287–34294
Saleh M, Mathison JC, Wolinski MK, Bensinger SJ, Fitzgerald P, Droin N, Ulevitch RJ, Green DR, Nicholson DW (2006) Enhanced bacterial clearance and sepsis resistance in caspase-12-deficient mice. Nature 440:1064–1068
Kalai M, Lamkanfi M, Denecker G, Boogmans M, Lippens S, Meeus A, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P (2003) Regulation of the expression and processing of caspase-12. J Cell Biol 162:457–467
LeBlanc PM, Yeretssian G, Rutherford N, Doiron K, Nadiri A, Zhu L, Green DR, Gruenheid S, Saleh M (2008) Caspase-12 modulates NOD signaling and regulates antimicrobial peptide production and mucosal immunity. Cell Host Microbe 3:146–157
Miu J, Saleh M, Stevenson MM (2010) Caspase-12 deficiency enhances cytokine responses but does not protect against lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection. Parasite Immunol 32:773–778
Wang P, Arjona A, Zhang Y, Sultana H, Dai J, Yang L, LeBlanc PM, Doiron K, Saleh M, Fikrig E (2010) Caspase-12 controls West Nile virus infection via the viral RNA receptor RIG-I. Nat Immunol 11:912–919
Roy S, Sharom JR, Houde C, Loisel TP, Vaillancourt JP, Shao W, Saleh M, Nicholson DW (2008) Confinement of caspase-12 proteolytic activity to autoprocessing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:4133–4138
Saleh M, Vaillancourt JP, Graham RK, Huyck M, Srinivasula SM, Alnemri ES, Steinberg MH, Nolan V, Baldwin CT, Hotchkiss RS et al (2004) Differential modulation of endotoxin responsiveness by human caspase-12 polymorphisms. Nature 429:75–79
Yeretssian G, Doiron K, Shao W, Leavitt BR, Hayden MR, Nicholson DW, Saleh M (2009) Gender differences in expression of the human caspase-12 long variant determines susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:9016–9020
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Basel
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pétrilli, V., Martinon, F. (2011). Molecular Definition of Inflammasomes. In: Couillin, I., Pétrilli, V., Martinon, F. (eds) The Inflammasomes. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0148-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0148-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-0147-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-0148-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)