Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a major shock absorber in traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI). It can be modelled using various fluid formulations, and there is a need to understand their implications on results when performing numerical simulations of SCI. Therefore, four formulations (pressurized volumes – PV, arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian – ALE, smoothed particle hydrodynamics – SPH, and lagrangian – Solid) and two fluid linearity models (Newtonian – N, Mie-Grüneisen – G) were tested in idealised conditions replicating a thoracolumbar burst fracture in a porcine finite element model. The PV formulation proved to be unfit for modelling traumatic SCI, while the solid formulation presented an excessive stiffness of the CSF layer and high computational cost. Both ALE and SPH could be likely candidates, presenting similar results on fragment kinematics, central canal displacement, and anteroposterior deformation of the spinal cord, but dissimilar results in subarachnoid space occlusion, maximal von Mises stress, strain, and volumetric stress. Providing experimental in vivo data on the local dynamics of the spinal will further determine the best formulation to use to replicate the mechanism of injury during traumatic SCI.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Spector, R., Snodgrass, S.R., Johanson, C.E.: A balanced view of the cerebrospinal fluid composition and functions: focus on adult humans. Exp. Neurol. 273, 57–68 (2015)
Huff, T., Tadi, P., Varacallo, M.: Neuroanatomy, Cerebrospinal Fluid. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL) (2017)
Jones, C.F., Kroeker, S.G., Cripton, P.A., Hall, R.M.: The effect of cerebrospinal fluid on the biomechanics of spinal cord: an ex vivo bovine model using bovine and physical surrogate spinal cord. Spine 33(17), 580–588 (2008)
Persson, C., McLure, S.W.D., Summers, J., Hall, R.M.: The effect of bone fragment size and cerebrospinal fluid on spinal cord deformation during trauma: an ex vivo study. J. Neurosurg. Spine 10(4), 315–323 (2009)
Persson, C., Summers, J., Hall, R.M.: The effect of cerebrospinal fluid thickness on traumatic spinal cord deformation. J. Appl. Biomech. 27(4), 330–335 (2011)
Persson, C., Summers, J., Hall, R.M.: The importance of fluid-structure interaction in spinal trauma models. J. Neurotrauma 28(1), 113–125 (2011)
Rycman, A., McLachlin, S., Cronin, D.S.: Comparison of numerical methods for cerebrospinal fluid representation and fluid-structure interaction during transverse impact of a finite element spinal cord model. Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng. 38(3), e3570 (2022)
Fradet, L., Arnoux, P.-J., Callot, V., Petit, Y.: Geometrical variations in white and gray matter affect the biomechanics of spinal cord injuries more than the arachnoid space. Adv. Mech. Eng. 8(8), 1–8 (2016)
Diotalevi, L., Bailly, N., Wagnac, E., Mac-Thiong, J.-M., Goulet, J., Petit, Y.: Dynamics of spinal cord compression with different patterns of thoracolumbar burst fractures: numerical simulations using finite element modelling. Clin. Biomech. 72, 186–194 (2020)
Khuyagbaatar, B., Kim, K., Kim, Y.H.: Effect of bone fragment impact velocity on biomechanical parameters related to spinal cord injury: a finite element study. J. Biomech. 47(11), 2820–2825 (2014)
Busscher, I., Ploegmakers, J.J., Verkerke, G.J., Veldhuizen, A.G.: Comparative anatomical dimensions of the complete human and porcine spine. Eur. Spine J. 19(7), 1104–1114 (2010)
Madhukar, A., Ostoja-Starzewski, M.: Finite element methods in human head impact simulations: a review. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 47, 1832–1854 (2019)
Duckworth, H., Sharp, D.J., Ghajari, M.: Smoothed particle hydrodynamic modelling of the cerebrospinal fluid for brain biomechanics: accuracy and stability. Int. J. Numer. Methods in Biomed. Eng. 37(4), e3440 (2021)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Diotalevi, L., Mac-Thiong, JM., Petit, Y. (2024). Cerebrospinal Fluid Model Formulation Affects Global and Local Behaviour of the Spinal Cord Submitted to Transverse Traumatic Compression. In: Skalli, W., Laporte, S., Benoit, A. (eds) Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering II. CMBBE 2023. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 39. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55315-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55315-8_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-55314-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-55315-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)