Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Floristic Diversity of the Wetland, Sidi Boughaba Biological Reserve, Kénitra, Morocc

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD'2023) (AI2SD 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 930))

  • 95 Accesses

Abstract

This study updates our current knowledge of the floristic diversity of the Sidi Boughaba biological reserve, following the climatic change in the area from sub-humid to semi-arid. Floristic analysis of the 124 relevés carried out over the 652 ha of the site using stratified sampling revealed the existence of 270 species and subspecies spread over 199 genera and 58 families, the best represented of which are the Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae. The most represented genera are: Trifolium, Medicago, Asparagus, Sonchus, Ononis, Linaria and Euphorbia. Therophytes dominate the biological spectrum. Indices of diversity, equitability and perturbation are calculated for the reserve and also for the nine phyto-sociological groupings on the site. The results show that the flora is highly diverse and evenly distributed, but that there are differences between certain plant groupings, such as mobile and consolidated grey dunes. The perturbation index indicates a high degree of degradation, which is effectively observed in the edge groups and those bordering cultivated land.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Médail, F., Quézel, P.: Biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean basin. - setting global conservation priorities. Conservation Biol. 13(6), 1510–1513 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Benrahmoune, Z., Dubruille, C.: Invitation à l’amour des plantes. Guide floristique illustré de la réserve biologique de Sidi Boughaba. Editions Scriptura, Imprimerie Al Maarif Al Jadida, Rabat (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Challi, D., Dahmani, J., El Jdi, H., Belahbib, N.: Changes in climatic conditions between 1982 and 2016 in the Sidi Boughaba biological reserve (Kénitra, Morocco). J. Basic Appl. Res. Int. 27(5), 18–28 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hammada, S., Dakki, M., IbnTattou, M., Ouyahya, A., Fennane, M.: Analyse de la biodiversité floristique des zones humides du Maroc. Flore rare, menacée et halophile. Acta Bot. MalacitanaMalacitana 29, 43–66 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hammada, S.: Études sur la végétation des zones humides marocaines: Catalogue et analyse de la biodiversité floristique et identification des principaux groupements végétaux Vidensk. Selskab, 5, pp. 347–437 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Atbib, M.: Phytoecological study of the biological reserve of Mehdia (Atlantic coast of Morocco) -2- The vegetation of the dune environment. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, suppl. 5, 73–133 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Challi, D., Dahmani, J., Jdi, E.H., Belahbib, N.: Phytosociological analysis of the Sidi Boughaba Biological Reserve, Kénitra, Morocco. Hacquetia (2023). https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/hacquetia/article/view/11560

  8. Braun-Blanquet, J.: Plant groups of Mediterranean France. C.N.R.S, Paris (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A., El Oualidi, J.: Flore Pratique du Maroc, vol. 1. Travaux Institut Scientifique, Série Botanique, Rabat, N° 36 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fennane, M., Ibn tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A., El Oualidi, J.: Flore Pratique du Maroc, vol. 2. Travaux Institut Scientifique, Série Botanique, Rabat, N° 38 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., El Oulaidi, J.: Flore Pratique du Maroc, vol. 3. Travaux Institut Scientifique, Série Botanique, Rabat, N° 40 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W.: The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana-Champaign, IL (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Frontier, S.: Stratégies d’échantillonnage en écologie. Masson, Québec, Presses de l’Université de Laval, xvii (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Pielou, E.C.: Species-diversity and pattern diversity in the study of ecological succession. J. Theor. Biol.Theor. Biol. 10, 370–383 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Margalef, R.: Perspectives in Ecological Theory. Chicago Series in Biology. University of Chicago Press (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hébrard, J.P., Loisel, R., Roux, c., Gamila, H., Bonin, G.: Incidence of clearing on phanerogamic and cryptogamicvegetation in South-Eastern France: disturbance indices. In: Bellan, D., Bonin, G., Emig, C. (eds.) Functioning and Dynamics of Naturaland Perturbed Ecosystems, Lavoisier, Paris, pp. 747–758 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Loisel, R., Gomila, H.: Traduction des effets du débroussaillement sur les écosystèmes forestiers et pré forestiers par un indice de perturbation. Annals of the Natural Sciences and Archaeology Society of Toulon and the Var, pp. 123–132 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jdi, E.H., Morsli, A., Faiqi, M., Aafi, A.: Contribution à l'étude phytodynamique, phytosociologique et cartographique des groupements végétaux du milieu dunaire de Mehdia (côte atlantique, Maroc). Mémoire de recherche, ENFI- Salé, 59 p. (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bathaoui, Y.: Biodiversité spécifique végétale de la réserve biologique de Sidi Boughaba, Mehdia Maroc. Mémoire de recherche, ENFI- Salé ; 93 p. (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Benabadji, N., Benmansour, D., Bouazza, M.: The flora of the Ain Fezza mountains in western Algeria, biodiversity and dynamics. Sci. Technol. 26, 47–59 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  21. N’Zala, D., Nongamani, A., Moutsambote, J.M., Mapangui, A.: Diversité floristique dans les monocultures d’eucalyptus et de pins au Congo. Cahiers Agricultures 6, 169–174 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plants, Animals Productions and Agro-Industry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco

    Dounia Challi, Jbilou Abdelilah, Jamila Dahmani & Nadia Belahbib

  2. High Commission for Water and Forests and the Fight Against Desertification, Provincial Directorate, Kénitra, Morocco

    El Habib Jdi

Authors
  1. Dounia Challi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jbilou Abdelilah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. El Habib Jdi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jamila Dahmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nadia Belahbib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dounia Challi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier, Morocco

    Mostafa Ezziyyani

  2. Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Janusz Kacprzyk

  3. Department of Automatics and Applied Software at the Faculty of Engineering, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania

    Valentina Emilia Balas

Appendix

Appendix

Table 3. Floristic list and life forms spectrum of the Sidi Boughaba Biological Reserve.

(Abbreviations: Life forms spectrum: G: Geophyte, Ph: Phanerophyte, Th: Therophyte, H: Hemicryptophyte, Ch: Champhaephyte, NPh: Nanophanerophyte, MPh: Mesophanerophyte, MiPh: Microphanerophyte. Rarity: RR: very rare, R: rare. Endemism: E: Morocco, A: Algeria, I: Iberian Peninsula, C: Canary Islands)

Families

Genera

Species

Life form spectrum

Pteridophytes

Polypodiaceae

Pteridium

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

G

Adiantum

Adiantum capillus-veneris L

G

Gymnosperms

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

Juniperus phoenicea L. subsp. Lycea

Ph

Ephedraceae

Ephedra

Ephedra fragilis Desf

Ph

Pinaceae

Pinus

Pinus canariensis C. Smith

Ph

Angiosperms

Aizoaceae

Carpobrotus

Carpobrotus edulis L. N. E. Br

Ch

Amaranthaceae

Achyranthes

Achyranthes sicula L. All

Th

Amaranthus

Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson, Proc

Th

Chenopodium

Chenopodium album L

Th

Chenopodium murale L

Th

Salsola

Salsola kali L

Th

Spinacia

Spinacia oleracea L

Th

Amaryllidaceae

Allium

Allium ampeloprasum L

G

Allium subhirsutum L

G

Narcissus

Narcissus tazetta L. [R]

G

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

Pistacia lentiscus L

NPh

Schinus

Schinus terebinthifolia L

Ph

Apiaceae

Ammi

Ammi majus L

Th

Berula

Berula erecta (Hudson) Coville

H

Daucus

Daucus carota L

H

Eryngium

Eryngium maritimum L

H

Eryngium planum L

Th

Ferula

Ferula communis L

H

Prangos

Prangos trifida L

H

Pseudorlaya

Pseudorlaya pumila L

Th

Smyrnium

Smyrnium olusatrum L

H

Thapsia

Thapsia garganica Brot

H

Torilis

Torilis nodosa L. Gaertner

Th

Apocynaceae

Nerium

Nerium oleander L

Ph

Araceae

Arisarum

Arisarum vulgare Targ

G

Arecaceae

Chamaerops

Chamaerops humilis L

Ph

Asparagaceae

Agave

Agave america L

Ph

Asparagus

Asparagus acutifolius L

G

Asparagus albus L

G

Asparagus aphyllus L

G

Asparagus plumosus Baker

G

Dipcadi

Dipcadi serotinum L. Medik

G

Ruscus

Ruscus hypophyllum L

Ch

Scilla

Scilla maritima L

G

Urginea

Urginea maritima L. Baker

G

Asteraceae

Reichardia

Reichardia tingitana L

Th

Echinops

Echinops exaltatus L

H

Achillea

Achillea maritima L

Ch

Anacyclus

Anacyclus clavatus Desf

Th

Anacyclus radiatus L. [EC]

Th

Anthemis

Anthemis arvensis L. [RR]

Th

Arctotheca

Arctotheca calendula L. [RR]

Th

Astragalus

Astragalus sesamens L

Th

Calendula

Calendula arvensis L. [RR]

Th

Carduus

Carduus pycnocephalus L

H

Centaurea

Centaurea pullata L

H

Cirsium

Cirsium vulgare L

H

Crepis

Crepis capillaris L

H

Erigeron

Erigeron floribundus L

Th

Erigeron sumatrensis Retz

Th

Evax

Evax pygmaea L. [RR]

Th

Galactites

Galactites elegans Moench

H

Glebionis

Glebionis coronaria L

Th

Hedypnois

Hedypnois rhagadioloides L

Th

Heteranthemis

Heteranthemis viscidehirta Schott

Th

Heterotheca

Heterotheca grandiflora L

Th

Hieracium

Hieracium tomentosum L

H

Hypochaeris

Hypochaeris glabra L

Th

Hypochaeris radicata L. subsp. Radicata [EI, RR]

H

Lactuca

Lactuca serriola L

Th

Lactuca virosa L. [E, R?]

H

Leontodon

Leontodon hispidus L

H

Logfia

Logfia gallica L

Th

Phagnalon

Phagnalon sexatile L

Ch

Scolymus

Scolymus hispanicus L

H

Sherardia

Sherardia arvensis L

Th

Silybum

Silybum marianum L

H

Sonchus

Sonchus arvensis L

Th

Sonchus asper L

Th

Sonchus oleraceus L

Th

Sonchus tenerrimus L

Th

Taraxacum

Taraxacum officinale L

Th

Tolpis

Tolpis barbata L. [E]

Th

Urospermum

Urospermum picroides L

Th

Boraginaceae

Cerinthe

Cerinthe major L

Th

Echium

Echium plantagineum L

H

Echium vulgare L

H

Heliotropium

Heliotropium europaeum L

Th

Nonea

Nonea calycina Maire

Th

Brassicaceae

Biscutella

Biscutella laevigata Maire [EI]

H

Cakile

Cakile maritima Scop

Th

Capsella

Capsella bursa-pastoris L.Medicus

Th

Diplotaxis

Diplotaxis tenuifolia L

H

Lobularia

Lobularia maritima L

H

Rorippa

Rorippa sylvestris L

H

Sinapis

Sinapis alba L

Th

Cactaceae

Opuntia

Opuntia ficus indica A. Berger

Ph

Opuntia humifusa L

Ph

Campanulaceae

Campanula

Campanula lusitanica L. [EI, R?]

H

Campanula rapunculus L

H

Jasione

Jasione montana L

H

Caprifoliaceae

Centranthus

Centranthus calcitrapae L

Th

Caryophyllaceae

Arenaria

Arenaria mauritanica L. [EA, RR]

Th

Cerastium

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill

Th

Herniaria

Herniaria glabra L

Th

Paronychia

Paronychia argentea Lam

Th

Polycarpon

Polycarpon tetraphyllum L

Th

Silene

Silene gallica L

Th

Silene noctiflora L

Th

Spergula

Spergula rubra L. [EI]

Th

Sperula

Sperula rupicola L

Th

Cistaceae

Helianthemum

Helianthemum salicifolium L

Th

Tuberaria

Tuberaria guttata L

Th

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus

Convolvulus sp L

G

Evolvulus

Evolvulus arizonicus L

G

Ipomoea

Ipomoea stolonifera L. [RR]

G

Crassulaceae

Sedum

Sedum rupestre L

Ch

Umbilicus

Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.)

G

Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.)

G

Cucurbitaceae

Bryonia

Bryonia dioica Jacq

H

Cyperaceae

Scirpoides

Scirpoides holoschoenus L

H

Dipsacaceae

Scabiosa

Scabiosa atropurpurea L

H

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia

Euphorbia paralias L

G

Euphorbia segetalis L. [EA, RR]

Th

Euphorbia serpens L

Th

Euphorbia terracina L

G

Ricinus

Ricinus communis L

NPh

Fabaceae

Acacia

Acacia cyanophylla Lindley

MPh

Acacia cyclops G. Don fil

Ph

Anthyllis

Anthyllis vulneraria L. [EI, RR]

H

Astragalus

Astragalus boiticus L

Th

Astragalus hamosus L

Th

Coronilla

Coronilla repanda L

Th

Gleditsia

Gleditsia triacanthos L

Ph

Hymenocarpos

Hymenocarpos circinnatus L

Th

Lathyrus

Lathyrus clymenum L

Th

Lotus

Lotus corniculatus L

H

Lotus creticus L

Th

Lupinus

Lupinus angustifolius L

Th

Lupinus cosentinii Guss

Th

Lupinus micranthus Guss

Th

Medicago

Medicago marina L

Th

Medicago minima L

Th

Medicago orbicularis L

Th

Medicago polymorpha L

Th

Medicago truncatula L

Th

Melilotus

Melilotus indicus L

Th

Melilotus officinalis L

Th

Ononis

Ononis natrix L

Ch

Ononis pubescens L

Th

Ononis reclinata L

Th

Ononis spinosa L

Ch

Ornithopus

Ornithopus compressus L

Th

Ornithopus sativus Brot. [R?]

Th

Retama

Retama monosperma L. [EI]

Ph

Scorpiurus

Scorpiurus muricatus L

Th

Trifolium

Trifolium angustifolium L

Th

Trifolium arvense L

Th

Trifolium aureum Pollish

Th

Trifolium campestre Schreber

Th

Trifolium cherleri L

Th

Trifolium hybridum L. [RR]

H

Trifolium nigrescens Viv. [RR]

Th

Trifolium pratense L

H

Trifolium repens L

Th

Trifolium subterraneum L

Th

Trifolium tomentosum L

Th

Vicia

Vicia lutea L

Th

Vicia sativa L

Th

Geraniaceae

Erodium

Erodium ciconium L

Th

Erodium cicutarium L

Th

Geranium

Geranium molle L

Th

Geranium purpureum Vill

Th

Geranium rotundifolium L

Th

Iridaceae

Gladiolus

Gladiolus communis L

G

Gladiolus italicus Mill

G

Moraea

Moraea sisyrinchium L. Ker Gawl

G

Juncaceae

Juncus

Juncus acutus L

H

Juncus maritimus L

H

Lamiaceae

Salvia

Salvia verbenaca L

Th

Ajuga

Ajuga iva L

H

Marrubium

Marrubium vulgare L

 

Mentha

Mentha suaveolens L

H

Origanum

Origanum vulgare L. subsp.Virens

H

Prasium

Prasium majus L

Ch

Liliaceae

Asphodelus

Asphodelus albus L

G

Asphodelus microcarpus Viv

G

Linum

Linum strictum L

Th

Lythraceae

Lythrum

Lythrum junceum L

H

Malvaceae

Malva

Malva sylvestris L

Th

Moraceae

Ficus

Ficus carica L

Ph

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus gomphocephala L

Ph

Oleaceae

Olea

Olea europea L.subsp. Oleaster

Ph

Phillyrea

Phillyrea angustifolia L

Ph

Orobanchaceae

Bartsia

Bartsia trixago L

Th

Orobanche

Orobanche sanguinea C. Presl

G

Parentucellia

Parentucellia viscosa L

Th

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis

Oxalis pes-caprae L

H

Papaveraceae

Fumaria

Fumaria ouazzanensis Pugsley [E, R]

Th

Papaver

Papaver rhoeas L

Th

Plantaginaceae

Linaria

Linaria maroccana Hooker [E, R?]

H

Linaria purpurea L

H

Linaria repens L

H

Linaria supina L. [E, R]

H

Misopates

Misopates calycinum Rothm

Th

Misopates orontium L

Th

Plantago

Plantago coronopus L

Th

Plantago lagopus L

Th

Plantago lanceolata L

Th

Plantago macrorhiza Poiret

Th

Plumbaginaceae

Armeria

Armeria mauritanica Willd [EA]

H

Limonium

Limonium sinuatum L

H

Poaceae

Bromus

Bromus hordeaceus L

Th

Agropyron

Agropyron junceum L

Th

Ammophila

Ammophila arenaria L

G

Anisantha

Anisantha sterilis L

Th

Anisantha tectorum L

Th

Anthoxanthum

Anthoxanthum odoratum L

H

Avena

Avena sterilis L

Th

Brachypodium

Brachypodium distachyon L

Th

Briza

Briza major L

Th

Briza minor L

Th

Bromopsis

Bromopsis inermis Leyss

Th

Bromus

Bromus diandrus Roth

Th

Cynodon

Cynodon dactylon L

G

Dactylis

Dactylis glomerata L

H

Hordeum

Hordeum murinum L

Th

Hyparrhenia

Hyparrhenia hirta L

Th

Lagurus

Lagurus ovatus L

Th

Lolium

Lolium perenne L

Th

Phalaria

Phalaris minor Retz

Th

Phleum

Phleum pratense L

Th

Phragmites

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud

G

Poa

Poa annua L

Th

Poa pratensis L

Th

Polypogon

Polypogon monspeliensis L. Desf

Th

Rostraria

Rostraria cristata L. Tzvelev

Th

Trisetaria

Trisetaria panicea Lam

Th

Trisetum

Trisetum flavescens L. P. Beauv

Th

Vulpia

Vulpia bromoides L. Gray

Th

Vulpia geniculata L. Link

Th

Polygonaceae

Emex

Emex spinosa L

Th

Polygonum

Polygonum maritimum L

H

Rumex

Rumex bucephalophorus L

Th

Rumex pulcher L

Th

Primulaceae

Anagalis

Anagallis arvensis L

Th

Ranunculaceae

Adonis

Adonis aestivalis L

Th

Clematis

Clematis cirrhosa L

Ph

Clematis flammula L

Ph

Delphinium

Delphinium pubescens DC

Th

Nigella

Nigella arvensis L

Th

Ranunculus

Ranunculus repens L

H

Rosaceae

Rubus

Rubus ulmifolius Schott

Ph

Rubiaceae

Galium

Galium aparine L

Th

Rubia

Rubia peregrina L

H

Salicaceae

Populus

Populus alba L

Ph

Santalaceae

Osyris

Osyris quadripartita Salzm

Ph

Scrophulariacee

Scrophularia

Scrophularia auriculata L

H

Verbascum

Verbascum boerhavii L. [E, RR]

H

Verbascum sinuatum L

H

Verbascum virgatum L

H

Smilacaceae

Smilax

Smilax aspera L

Ph

Solanaceae

Lycium

Lycium europaeum L. [R?]

Ph

Nicotiana

Nicotiana glauca Graham

Ph

Solanum

Solanum chenopodioides L

H

Solanum nigrum L

Th

Solanum sodomeum L

Ch

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix

Tamarix gallica L

MiPh

Urticaceae

Mercurialis

Mercurialis annua L

Th

Parietaria

Parietaria mauritanica Durieu

Th

Urtica

Urtica membranacea Poiret

Th

Urtica urens L

Th

Utica dioica L

Th

Verbenaceae

Lantana

Lantana camara L

Ph

Valerianaceae

Fedia

Fedia pallescens Maire [E]

Ph

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Challi, D., Abdelilah, J., Jdi, E.H., Dahmani, J., Belahbib, N. (2024). Floristic Diversity of the Wetland, Sidi Boughaba Biological Reserve, Kénitra, Morocc. In: Ezziyyani, M., Kacprzyk, J., Balas, V.E. (eds) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD'2023). AI2SD 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 930. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54318-0_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation