Abstract
Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is a common procedure whereby a device is implanted to prevent blood clots in the heart from entering the bloodstream. Selecting an appropriate occlusion device size is essential for the procedure’s success, which involves detecting the device landing zone from a contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) image, and measuring its diameter for sizing. Automating landing zone contour detection is challenging due to complexity of locating a 2D contour in a 3D volume. In this paper, we automate landing zone plane detection using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We reformulate plane detection as a volumetric heatmap regression problem, for which CNNs are well-suited. Our proposed approach can accurately detect the center of the landing zone as well as the cross-section orientation necessary for measuring device size. Compared to other segmentation-based methods, our approach removes the need for costly annotations. The proposed approach can be applied to any volumetric plane detection or pose estimation problem, which we also demonstrate in the context of aortic valve plane detection in 4D flow phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PCMRA) volumes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alkhouli, M., Ellis, C.R., Daniels, M., Coylewright, M., Nielsen-Kudsk, J.E., Holmes, D.R.: Left atrial appendage occlusion: current advances and remaining challenges. JACC: Adv. 1, 100136 (2022)
Astudillo, P., et al.: Automatic detection of the aortic annular plane and coronary ostia from multidetector computed tomography. J. Intervent. Cardiol. 2020 (2020)
Berhane, H., et al.: Fully automated 3d aortic segmentation of 4d flow MRI for hemodynamic analysis using deep learning. Magn. Reson. Med. 84(4), 2204–2218 (2020)
Blansit, K., Retson, T., Masutani, E., Bahrami, N., Hsiao, A.: Deep learning-based prescription of cardiac MRI planes. Radiol.: Artif. Intell. 1(6), e180069 (2019)
Bulat, A., Tzimiropoulos, G.: Human pose estimation via convolutional part heatmap regression. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9911, pp. 717–732. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46478-7_44
Bustamante, M., Viola, F., Engvall, J., Carlhäll, C.J., Ebbers, T.: Automatic time-resolved cardiovascular segmentation of 4d flow MRI using deep learning. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 57(1), 191–203 (2023)
Çiçek, Ö., Abdulkadir, A., Lienkamp, S.S., Brox, T., Ronneberger, O.: 3D U-Net: learning dense volumetric segmentation from sparse annotation. In: Ourselin, S., Joskowicz, L., Sabuncu, M.R., Unal, G., Wells, W. (eds.) MICCAI 2016. LNCS, vol. 9901, pp. 424–432. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_49
Collado, F.M.S., et al.: Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 10(21), e022274 (2021)
Corrado, P.A., Seiter, D.P., Wieben, O.: Automatic measurement plane placement for 4D Flow MRI of the great vessels using deep learning. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 17(1), 199–210 (2022)
Fujiwara, T., et al.: Segmentation of the aorta and pulmonary arteries based on 4d flow MRI in the pediatric setting using fully automated multi-site, multi-vendor, and multi-label dense u-net. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 55(6), 1666–1680 (2022)
Jin, C., et al.: Left atrial appendage segmentation using fully convolutional neural networks and modified three-dimensional conditional random fields. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 22(6), 1906–1916 (2018)
Leventić, H., et al.: Left atrial appendage segmentation from 3D CCTA images for occluder placement procedure. Comput. Biol. Med. 104, 163–174 (2019)
Li, Y., et al.: Standard plane detection in 3D fetal ultrasound using an iterative transformation network. In: Frangi, A.F., Schnabel, J.A., Davatzikos, C., Alberola-López, C., Fichtinger, G. (eds.) MICCAI 2018. LNCS, vol. 11070, pp. 392–400. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00928-1_45
Lian, C., et al.: Multi-task dynamic transformer network for concurrent bone segmentation and large-scale landmark localization with dental CBCT. In: Martel, A.L., et al. (eds.) MICCAI 2020. LNCS, vol. 12264, pp. 807–816. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59719-1_78
Luo, Z., Wang, Z., Huang, Y., Wang, L., Tan, T., Zhou, E.: Rethinking the heatmap regression for bottom-up human pose estimation. In: CVPR, pp. 13264–13273 (2021)
Malik, J., et al.: Handvoxnet: deep voxel-based network for 3d hand shape and pose estimation from a single depth map. In: CVPR, pp. 7113–7122 (2020)
Marin-Castrillon, D.M., et al.: Segmentation of the aorta in systolic phase from 4d flow MRI: multi-atlas vs. deep learning. Magn. Reson. Mater. Phys. Biol. Med., 1–14 (2023)
Michiels, K., Heffinck, E., Astudillo, P., Wong, I., Mortier, P., Bavo, A.M.: Automated MSCT analysis for planning left atrial appendage occlusion using artificial intelligence. J. Interv. Cardiol. 2022 (2022)
Montalt-Tordera, J., et al.: Automatic segmentation of the great arteries for computational hemodynamic assessment. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 24(1), 1–14 (2022)
Morais, P., et al.: Fast segmentation of the left atrial appendage in 3-d transesophageal echocardiographic images. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 65(12), 2332–2342 (2018)
Morais, P., et al.: Semiautomatic estimation of device size for left atrial appendage occlusion in 3-D TEE images. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 66(5), 922–929 (2019)
Ortuño, J.E., et al.: Automatic estimation of aortic and mitral valve displacements in dynamic CTA with 4d graph-cuts. Med. Image Anal. 65, 101748 (2020)
Payer, C., Štern, D., Bischof, H., Urschler, M.: Regressing heatmaps for multiple landmark localization using CNNs. In: Ourselin, S., Joskowicz, L., Sabuncu, M.R., Unal, G., Wells, W. (eds.) MICCAI 2016. LNCS, vol. 9901, pp. 230–238. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_27
Qin, C., et al.: Ideal midsagittal plane detection using deep hough plane network for brain surgical planning. In: Wang, L., Dou, Q., Fletcher, P.T., Speidel, S., Li, S. (eds.) MICCAI 2022. LNCS, vol. 13437, pp. 585–593. Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16449-1_56
Wan, C., Probst, T., Van Gool, L., Yao, A.: Dense 3d regression for hand pose estimation. In: CVPR, pp. 5147–5156 (2018)
Yang, D., et al.: Automatic vertebra labeling in large-scale 3D CT using deep image-to-image network with message passing and sparsity regularization. In: Niethammer, M., et al. (eds.) IPMI 2017. LNCS, vol. 10265, pp. 633–644. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59050-9_50
Zhang, H., Li, Q., Sun, Z.: Joint voxel and coordinate regression for accurate 3d facial landmark localization. In: 2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 2202–2208. IEEE (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lockhart, L., Yi, X., Cassady, N., Nunn, A., Swingen, C., Amir-Khalili, A. (2024). Automatic Landing Zone Plane Detection in Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Volumes. In: Camara, O., et al. Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart. Regular and CMRxRecon Challenge Papers. STACOM 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14507. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52448-6_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52448-6_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-52447-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-52448-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)