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Approach to Patient Referred for Vascular Mapping

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Interventional Nephrology

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Abstract

The population of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States is progressively increasing, with hemodialysis (HD) as the major mode of renal replacement therapy. Despite a robust increase in AVF placement in prevalent US hemodialysis (HD) patients from 32% in 2003 to 63% in 2014, still 80% of new dialysis patients start hemodialysis using a central venous catheter despite the catheters being associated with a higher risk of death, fatal and non-fatal infection. AVF have higher patency rates and longevity, lower infection rates, lower overall costs, and better prognosis than either grafts or catheters. However, AVF have a high rate of primary failure, and about one third (20–60%) of new AVFs fail to mature to be used for dialysis. Recently there has been a shift toward individualizing the most appropriate dialysis vascular access based on patient characteristics, life expectancy, patient preference, and other related factors.

This chapter aims to review the approach to the patient who has presented for vascular mapping, the various techniques (physical examination, ultrasonography, and angiography) currently available for venous mapping, as well as their effect on AV access creation and use.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sierra Nevada Nephrology Consultants, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA

    Mukesh Kumar Sharma

  2. Division of Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Vandana Dua Niyyar

Authors
  1. Mukesh Kumar Sharma
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  2. Vandana Dua Niyyar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vandana Dua Niyyar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Interventional Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alexander S. Yevzlin

  2. Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA

    Arif Asif

  3. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA

    Loay Salman

  4. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Karthik Ramani

  5. Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Shaker S. Qaqish

  6. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Tushar J. Vachharajani

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Sharma, M.K., Niyyar, V.D. (2022). Approach to Patient Referred for Vascular Mapping. In: Yevzlin, A.S., Asif, A., Salman, L., Ramani, K., Qaqish, S.S., Vachharajani, T.J. (eds) Interventional Nephrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81155-6_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81155-6_11

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