Abstract
In this paper, we utilize the NetLogo HIV model in constructing an environment for bi-level image encoding and employ it in compression. Our model considers converting an image into a virtual environment that comprises female agents testing positive and negative for HIV. Female agents are scattered according to the allocation of the pixels in the original images to be tested. The simulation considers introducing male agents that test positive for HIV, the purpose of which is to track their movements while infecting other HIV- female agents. The progressions of the HIV+ male agents within the simulation take advantage of the relative encoding approach previously used by other image processing and agent-based modeling researchers. That is to say, the simulation allows generating a high proportion of similar movement forms that are similarly encoded regardless of the movements of agents. This is followed up by applying Huffman coding to the obtained chains of movement strings for further reduction. The ultimate results reveal that our product could outperform existing benchmarks using all the images we employed in testing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al-Asadi, T.A., Witefee, D.M.: Geometrical fusion based on chain code representation. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 928, p. 032033. IOP Publishing (2020)
Asgary, A., Cojocaru, M.G., Najafabadi, M.M., Wu, J.: Simulating preventative testing of SARS-CoV-2 in schools: policy implications. BMC Public Health 21(1), 1–18 (2021)
Asgary, A., Najafabadi, M.M., Karsseboom, R., Wu, J.: A drive-through simulation tool for mass vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic. In: Healthcare, vol. 8, p. 469. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (2020)
Asgary, A., Valtchev, S.Z., Chen, M., Najafabadi, M.M., Wu, J.: Artificial intelligence model of drive-through vaccination simulation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 18(1), 268 (2021)
Azmi, A.N., Nasien, D., Omar, F.S.: Biometric signature verification system based on freeman chain code and k-nearest neighbor. Multimedia Tools Appl. 76(14), 15341–15355 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3831-2
Bons, J., Kegel, A.: On the digital processing and transmission of handwriting and sketching. Proceedings of EUROCON 77, 880–890 (1977)
Bribiesca, E.: A new chain code. Patt. Recogn. 32(2), 235–251 (1999)
Caci, B., Dhou, K.: The interplay between artificial intelligence and users’ personalities: a new scenario for human-computer interaction in gaming. In: Stephanidis, C., et al. (eds.) HCI International 2020 - Late Breaking Papers: Cognition, Learning and Games, pp. 619–630. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2020)
Dhou, K., Cruzen, C.: An innovative chain coding technique for compression based on the concept of biological reproduction: An agent-based modeling approach. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(6), 9308–9315 (2019)
Dhou, K., Cruzen, C.: A new chain code for bi-level image compression using an agent-based model of echolocation in dolphins. In: 2020 IEEE 6th International Conference on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud and Big Data Systems and Application (DependSys), pp. 87–91 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/DependSys51298.2020.00021
Dhou, K.: A novel agent-based modeling approach for image coding and lossless compression based on the wolf-sheep predation model. In: Shi, Y., et al. (eds.) ICCS 2018. LNCS, vol. 10861, pp. 117–128. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93701-4_9
Dhou, K.: Towards a better understanding of chess players’ personalities: a study using virtual chess players. In: Kurosu, M. (ed.) HCI 2018. LNCS, vol. 10903, pp. 435–446. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91250-9_34
Dhou, K.: An innovative design of a hybrid chain coding algorithm for Bi-level image compression using an agent-based modeling approach. Appl. Soft Comput. 79, 94–110 (2019)
Dhou, K.: An innovative employment of virtual humans to explore the chess personalities of Garry Kasparov and other class-A players. In: Stephanidis, C. (ed.) HCII 2019. LNCS, vol. 11786, pp. 306–319. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30033-3_24
Dhou, K.: A new chain coding mechanism for compression stimulated by a virtual environment of a predator-prey ecosystem. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 102, 650–669 (2020)
Dhou, K.: A novel investigation of attack strategies via the involvement of virtual humans: a user study of Josh Waitzkin, a virtual chess grandmaster. In: StephanidisStephanidis, C., et al. (eds.) HCII 2020. LNCS, vol. 12425, pp. 658–668. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60128-7_48
Dhou, K., Cruzen, C.: A highly efficient chain code for compression using an agent-based modeling simulation of territories in biological beavers. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 118, 1–13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.12.016, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X20330788
Freeman, H.: On the encoding of arbitrary geometric configurations. IRE Trans. Electron. Comput. 2, 260–268 (1961)
Howard, P.G., Kossentini, F., Martins, B., Forchhammer, S., Rucklidge, W.J.: The emerging JBIG2 standard. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. Video Technol. 8(7), 838–848 (1998)
Hwang, Y.T., Wang, Y.C., Wang, S.S.: An efficient shape coding scheme and its codec design. In: 2001 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, pp. 225–232. IEEE (2001)
ISO CCITT Recommend. T.4: Standardization of group 3 facsimile apparatus for document transmission (1980)
Jeromel, A., Žalik, B.: An efficient Lossy cartoon image compression method. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79(1), 433–451 (2020)
Karczmarek, P., Kiersztyn, A., Pedrycz, W., Dolecki, M.: An application of chain code-based local descriptor and its extension to face recognition. Patt. Recogn. 65, 26–34 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.12.008, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320316303971
Kim, Y., Kim, K.H., Cho, W.D.: Image compression using chain coding for electronic shelf labels (ESL) systems. IEEE Access 9, 8497–8511 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3049868
Liu, H.C., Srinath, M.: Corner detection from chain-code. Patt. Recogn. 23(1), 51–68 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(90)90048-P, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003132039090048P
Liu, Y.K., Žalik, B.: An efficient chain code with Huffman coding. Patt. Recogn. 38(4), 553–557 (2005)
Lu, C., Dunham, J.G.: Highly efficient coding schemes for contour lines based on chain code representations. IEEE Trans. Commun. 39(10), 1511–1514 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1109/26.103046
Mohamad, M.A., Haron, H., Hasan, H.: Metaheuristic optimization on conventional freeman chain code extraction algorithm for handwritten character recognition. In: Nguyen, N.T., Tojo, S., Nguyen, L.M., Trawiński, B. (eds.) Intell. Inf. Database Syst., pp. 518–527. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017)
Mouring, M., Dhou, K., Hadzikadic, M.: A novel algorithm for bi-level lossless image compression based on ant colonies. In: 3rd International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk, pp. 72–78. Setúbal - Portugal (2018)
Najafabadi, M.M.: Modeling an Open Data Ecosystem: The Case of Food Service Establishments Inspection in New York State. State University of New York at Albany (2020)
Recommendation T6: Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for group 4 facsimile apparatus. International Telecommunication Union, Geneva (1988)
Siddiqi, I., Vincent, N.: A set of chain code based features for writer recognition. In: 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 981–985 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.2009.136
for Standards/International Electrotechnical Commission, I.O., et al.: Progressive bilevel image compression. International Standard 11544 (1993)
Wilensky, U.: NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/, Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (1999). http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/
Wilensky, U.: NetLogo HIV model. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling (1997)
Wu, J.T., Ding, J.J.: Improved angle freeman chain code using improved adaptive arithmetic coding. In: 2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), pp. 181–184 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301702
Yang, R., Yan, N., Li, L., Liu, D., Wu, F.: Chain code-based occupancy map coding for video-based point cloud compression. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), pp. 479–482 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/VCIP49819.2020.9301867
Zahir, S., Dhou, K.: A new chain coding based method for binary image compression and reconstruction. In: Picture Coding Symposium, pp. 1321–1324 (2007)
Žalik, B., Mongus, D., Žalik, K.R., Podgorelec, D., Lukač, N.: Lossless chain code compression with an improved binary adaptive sequential coding of zero-runs. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 75, 103050 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2021.103050, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047320321000225
Žalik, B., Žalik, K.R., Zupančič, E., Lukač, N., Žalik, M., Mongus, D.: Chain code compression with modified interpolative coding. Comput. Electr. Eng. 77, 27–36 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.05.001, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045790618327666
Zhao, X., Sun, W., Lyu, X., Ma, Z.: On six directions chain code and its application of bead weaving. In: 2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), pp. 2262–2267 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/CompComm.2018.8780823
Zhou, L.: A new highly efficient algorithm for lossless binary image compression. ProQuest (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dhou, K., Cruzen, C. (2021). An Innovative Employment of the NetLogo AIDS Model in Developing a New Chain Code for Compression. In: Paszynski, M., Kranzlmüller, D., Krzhizhanovskaya, V.V., Dongarra, J.J., Sloot, P.M.A. (eds) Computational Science – ICCS 2021. ICCS 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12742. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77961-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77961-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77960-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77961-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)