Skip to main content

Predicting the Priority of Social Situations for Personal Assistant Agents

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
PRIMA 2020: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems (PRIMA 2020)

Abstract

Personal assistant agents have been developed to help people in their daily lives with tasks such as agenda management. In order to provide better support, they should not only model the user’s internal aspects, but also their social situation. Current research on social context tackles this by modelling the social aspects of a situation from an objective perspective. In our approach, we model these social aspects of the situation from the user’s subjective perspective. We do so by using concepts from social science, and in turn apply machine learning techniques to predict the priority that the user would assign to these situations. Furthermore, we show that using these techniques allows agents to determine which features influenced these predictions. Results based on a crowd-sourcing user study suggest that our proposed model would enable personal assistant agents to differentiate between situations with high and low priority. We believe this to be a first step towards agents that better understand the user’s social situation, and adapt their support accordingly.

This work is part of the research programme CoreSAEP, with project number 639.022.416, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Icons used in Fig. 1 were made by Freepik and retrieved from www.flaticon.com.

  2. 2.

    https://www.mturk.com/.

  3. 3.

    The survey questions and the data can be found in the supplementary materials in https://doi.org/10.4121/13176923.

  4. 4.

    The code can be accessed under: https://github.com/ilir-kola/priority-social-situations.git.

References

  1. Antonucci, T.C., Akiyama, H.: Social networks in adult life and a preliminary examination of the convoy model. J. Gerontol. 42(5), 519–527 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Breiman, L.: Bagging predictors. Mach. Learn. 24(2), 123–140 (1996)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5–32 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Burt, R.S.: Network items and the general social survey. Soc. Networks 6(4), 293–339 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chevaleyre, Y., Koriche, F., Lang, J., Mengin, J., Zanuttini, B.: Learning ordinal preferences on multiattribute domains: The case of CP-NETs. In: Fürnkranz, J., Hüllermeier, E. (eds.) Preference Learning, pp. 273–296. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14125-6_13

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Dietterich, T.G.: Ensemble methods in machine learning. In: Kittler, J., Roli, F. (eds.) MCS 2000. LNCS, vol. 1857, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45014-9_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Dignum, F.: Interactions as social practices: towards a formalization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.08751 (2018)

  8. Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A.: Value sensitive design and information systems. In: Doorn, N., Schuurbiers, D., van de Poel, I., Gorman, M.E. (eds.) Early engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory. PET, vol. 16, pp. 55–95. Springer, Dordrecht (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7844-3_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Friedman, J.H.: Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine. Annals of statistics, pp. 1189–1232 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gu, S., Kelly, B., Xiu, D.: Empirical asset pricing via machine learning. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Heaney, C.A., Israel, B.A.: Social networks and social support. Health Behav. Health Educ. Theory Res. Pract. 4, 189–210 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kaminka, G.A.: Curing robot autism: a challenge. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on AAMAS, pp. 801–804. IFAMAAS (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kayal, A., Brinkman, W.P., Neerincx, M.A., Riemsdijk, M.B.V.: Automatic resolution of normative conflicts in supportive technology based on user values. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. (TOIT) 18(4), 1–21 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kepuska, V., Bohouta, G.: Next-generation of virtual personal assistants (microsoft cortana, apple siri, amazon alexa and google home). In: 2018 IEEE 8th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference, pp. 99–103. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kola, I., Jonker, C.M., van Riemsdijk, M.B.: Who’s that? - social situation awareness for behaviour support agents. In: Dennis, L.A., Bordini, R.H., Lespérance, Y. (eds.) EMAS 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12058, pp. 127–151. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51417-4_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Lewin, K.: Field theory and experiment in social psychology: concepts and methods. Am. J. Sociol. 44(6), 868–896 (1939)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lim, B.Y., Dey, A.K., Avrahami, D.: Why and why not explanations improve the intelligibility of context-aware intelligent systems. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2119–2128 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lundberg, S.M., Lee, S.I.: A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 4765–4774 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Miller, T.: Explanation in artificial intelligence: insights from the social sciences. Artif. Intell. 267, 1–38 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Murukannaiah, P.K., Singh, M.P.: Platys social: relating shared places and private social circles. IEEE Internet Comput. 16(3), 53–59 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Myers, K., Berry, P., Blythe, J., Conley, K., Gervasio, M., McGuinness, D.L., Morley, D., Pfeffer, A., Pollack, M., Tambe, M.: An intelligent personal assistant for task and time management. AI Mag. 28(2), 47–47 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Neerincx, M.A., van der Waa, J., Kaptein, F., van Diggelen, J.: Using perceptual and cognitive explanations for enhanced human-agent team performance. In: Harris, D. (ed.) EPCE 2018. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10906, pp. 204–214. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91122-9_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Pabjan, B.: Measuring the social relations: social distance in social structure - a study of prison community. Acta Physica Polonica Series B 36(8), 2559 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Phillips, S.L., Fischer, C.S.: Measuring social support networks in general populations. Stressful life events and their contexts, pp. 223–233 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Pinder, C., Vermeulen, J., Cowan, B.R., Beale, R.: Digital behaviour change interventions to break and form habits. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Inter. (TOCHI) 25(3), 15 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Polikar, R.: Ensemble based systems in decision making. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 6(3), 21–45 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rokeach, M.: The Nature of Human Values. Free Press, New York (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sagi, O., Rokach, L.: Ensemble learning: a survey. Wiley Interdisc. Rev. Data Mining Knowl. Discov. 8(4), e1249 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Schwartz, S.H.: Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 25(1), 1–65 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schwartz, S.H.: Human values. European Social Survey Education Net (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sullivan, G.M., Artino Jr., A.R.: Analyzing and interpreting data from likert-type scales. J. Graduate Med. Educ. 5(4), 541–542 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Van Riemsdijk, M.B., Jonker, C.M., Lesser, V.: Creating socially adaptive electronic partners: interaction, reasoning and ethical challenges. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on AAMAS, pp. 1201–1206. IFAMAAS (2015)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilir Kola .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kola, I., Tielman, M.L., Jonker, C.M., van Riemsdijk, M.B. (2021). Predicting the Priority of Social Situations for Personal Assistant Agents. In: Uchiya, T., Bai, Q., Marsá Maestre, I. (eds) PRIMA 2020: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems. PRIMA 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12568. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69322-0_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69322-0_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69321-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69322-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics