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Advances in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) Breeding, with Emphasis on India

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Among the cole vegetables, cauliflower is a widely grown crop worldwide for its nutrients and flavor. It is a thermosensitive crop for its curd formation and development. Different cultivar groups in cauliflower are known such as Italian or Original, Cornish, Northerns, Roscoff, Angers, Erfurt, Snowball and Indian, based on phylogeny and plant traits. The Indian cauliflower group evolved from European cauliflower and later classified as early, mid-early, mid-late and late, depending upon temperature requirements related to curd initiation and development. A large number of varieties and hybrids have been developed in tropical cauliflower, for different maturity groups and established using a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system for hybrid breeding. Recently, biotechnological tools such as DNA markers, genomics and tissue culture for doubled haploid development, pre-breeding for introgressing genes/QTLs from alien brassicas were deployed in cauliflower breeding. Resistant sources identified in cole vegetables for black rot and downy mildew by genetic investigations revealed single dominant gene governance of resistance for both diseases. Cauliflower is one of the best candidate crops for β-carotene biofortification, hence a natural mutant native Or gene was introgressed into Indian cauliflower. Besides, transgenesis is underway to develop diamondback moth resistant varieties by stacking cry 1b and 1c bt genes in cauliflower. This chapter highlights recent developments in cauliflower breeding particularly in tropical types.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Shrawan Singh & Pritam Kalia

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Correspondence to Pritam Kalia .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Cauliflower

Institution name

Specialization and research activities

Address

Website

ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Tropical cauliflower improvement

ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110,012, India

https://www.iari.res.in

ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station

Snowball cauliflower improvement

Head, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station, Katrain- 175,129, India

https://www.iari.res.in

ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR)

Improvement and production technology development for cauliflower for eastern region of India

ICAR – Indian Institute of Vegetable Research Post Bag No. 01; P. O. Jakhini (Shahanshapur) Varanasi – 221 305, Uttar Pradesh, India

https://www.iivr.org.in

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya

Improvement and production technology development for cauliflower for hill region of India

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Palampur – 176062 (HP), India

http://www.hillagric.ac.in

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry

Improvement and production technology development for cauliflower for hill region of India

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India

http://www.yspuniversity.ac.in/

Bihar Agricultural University

Improvement and production technology development for cauliflower for Bihar region, India

Bihar Agricultural University Bhagalpur Rd, Sabour, Bihar 813210, India

http://www.bausabour.ac.in/

ICAR- National Institute of Plant Biotechnology

Research on biotechnology aspects such as Introgression of novel traits in Brassica oleracea

ICAR – National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110012, India

http://www.nrcpb.res.in/

Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

Genetic improvement and production technology of cauliflower for lower hill and Trai region

Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar –263145, India

http://www.gbpuat.ac.in/

1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Cauliflower

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

Pusa Meghna

Early maturity group, heat and humidity tolerant, plants are dwarf, bluish green leaves, maturity end of September to first week of October, curd size 380–450 g, yield 12 mt/ha

India

Sabour Agrim

Early maturity group, heat and humidity tolerant, plants are dwarf, compact white curds, curd weight of 440–500 g, curd yield 13 mt/ha

India

Kashi Kunwari

Early group variety with cream white curds of 400 g and curd yield around 16 mt/ha.

India

Pusa Ashwini

Early maturity group, heat and humidity tolerant, plants are medium vigorous, bluish green leaves, maturity in second fortnight of October, curd size 500–650 g, yield 16–18 mt/ha

India

Pusa Kartiki

Early maturity group, heat and humidity tolerant, plants are medium vigorous, bluish green leaves, curd size 500–650 g, yield 20–22 mt/ha

India

Pusa Kartik Sankar

Early maturity group, heat and humidity tolerant, plants are medium vigorous, bluish green leaves, maturity in mid October, curd size 500–650 g, yield 18 mt/ha, self-incompatibility based hybrid

India

Pusa Deepali

Early maturity group, heat and humidity tolerant, plants are medium vigorous, bluish green leaves, partially self-blanched, maturity at end of October, curd size 500–550 g, yield 14 mt/ha

India

Pusa Sharad

Mid-early maturity group, plants are medium vigorous, bluish green leaves, maturity in mid October, curd size 700–800 g, yield 24 mt/ha, self-incompatibility based hybrid

North India

Pant Gobhi 4

Mid group, creamy white compact curds, yield is around 12 mt/ha

Lower hills in North India

Kashi Aghani

White, compact curds with average yield of 22 mt/ha

India

Pusa Hybrid-2

Mid maturity group, plants are medium vigorous, bluish green leaves, maturity in mid October, curd size 750–850 g, yield 23–25 mt/ha, self-incompatibility based hybrid

North India

Pusa Paushja

Mid-late maturity group, curds are white, compact, 800–950 g, plants are bluish green and medium vigorous, average yield 32 mt/ha

North India

Pusa Shukti

Mid-late maturity group, curds are white, compact, 850–950 g, plants are green and vigorous, semi-erect, average yield 31 mt/ha

North India

Palam Uphar

Mid-late maturity group, curds are white, compact, 800–1000 g curds, curd yield 28 mt/ha

Lower hills

Pusa Snowball-1

Late maturity group, leaves upright, self-blanched, curds white, compact, curd weight ranges from 900 to 950 g, curd yield is 28 mt/ha

Hills and plains of India

Pusa Snowball K-1

Late maturity group, leaves upright, self-blanched, white compact curd with average weight of 950–1000 g, curd yield is 30 mt/ha

Hills and plains of India

Pusa Snowball KT-25

Late maturity group, leaves upright, self-blanched, white, compact, curd yield is around 34 mt/ha

Hills and plains of India

Pusa Snowball Hybrid-1

Late maturity group, leaves upright, self-blanched, white compact, average yield is 35 mt/ha

Hills and plains of India

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Singh, S., Kalia, P. (2021). Advances in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) Breeding, with Emphasis on India. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_7

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