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Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Watercress is an aquatic perennial herb belonging to the family Brassicaceae, which is commonly found in the wild in cool stream margins and ditches as well as cultivated in tanks or moist soil for its edible leaves. The most common and widespread species of the genus Nasturtium are N. officinale R. Br. and N. microphyllum Boenn. Rchb., which originated from Eurasia and North Africa and widely spread in Europe, including Britain, from Sweden and Denmark, and to North America. Watercress is consumed fresh or as an ingredient in soups or other recipes. It contains vitamins, phenolic compounds, folic acid, carotenoids, minerals, fibers, lipids, proteins, and a high level of glucosinolates. It purportedly possesses antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties and a possible role in the prevention of other diseases including cardiovascular, neurodegeneration and diabetes. The best site for a watercress bed is on a relatively flat area with a slight slope below a spring that supplies water. The beds should be protected from floods, which could cause severe damage to both the watercress and the beds. It is propagated by seeds and vegetative reproduction. This chapter presents watercress biodiversity and distribution, cultivation practices, conservation, traditional breeding, molecular breeding, functional genomics and genetic engineering.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tahran, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammadreza Hassandokht & Sajad Jafari

  2. Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Raheleh Ebrahimi

Authors
  1. Mohammadreza Hassandokht
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  2. Sajad Jafari
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  3. Raheleh Ebrahimi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammadreza Hassandokht .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: The Countries Where Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Is Present in Various Continents

Continent/Country

Origin

Africa

Algeria

Native

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduced

Egypt

Native

Eritrea

Introduced

Ethiopia

Introduced

Kenya

Introduced

Lybia

Native

Morocco

Native

South Africa

Introduced

Tunisia

Native

Uganda

Introduced

Asia

Afghanistan

Native

Armenia

Native

Azerbaijan

Native

China

Native

Himachal Pradesh

Native

Jammu and Kashmir

Native

Iran

Native

Iraq

Native

Israel

Native

Jordan

Native

Japan

Introduced

Kazakhstan

Native

Kyrgyzstan

Native

Lebanon

Native

Pakistan

Native

Syria

Native

Tajikistan

Native

Turkey

Native

Turkmenistan

Native

Uzbekistan

Native

Yemen

Introduced

Europe

Albania

Native

Austria

Native

Belgium

Native

Bulgaria

Native

Czechia

Native

Denmark

Native

France

Native

Germany

Native

Greece

Native

Hungary

Native

Ireland

Native

Italy

Native

Netherlands

Native

Poland

Native

Portugal

Native

Romania

Native

Russia

Native

Serbia and Montenegro

Native

Slovenia

Native

Spain

Native

Sweden

Native

Switzerland

Native

Ukraine

Native

United Kingdom

Native

North America

Canada

Introduced

British Columbia

Introduced

Manitoba

Introduced

New Brunswick

Introduced

Newfoundland and Labrador

Introduced

Ontario

Introduced

Prince Edward Island

Introduced

Quebec

Introduced

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Introduced

United States

Introduced

Alabama

Introduced

Alaska

Introduced

Arkansas

Introduced

Georgia

Introduced

Hawaii

Introduced

Idaho

Introduced

Kentucky

Introduced

Maine

Introduced

Massachusetts

Introduced

Michigan

Introduced

Minnesota

Introduced

Mississippi

Introduced

Nebraska

Introduced

New Hampshire

Introduced

New Mexico

Introduced

New York

Introduced

North Carolina

Introduced

Oregon

Introduced

Pennsylvania

Introduced

Tennessee

Introduced

Virginia

Introduced

Wisconsin

Introduced

South America

Argentina

Introduced

Chile

Introduced

Oceania

Australia

Introduced

New South Wales

Introduced

Queensland

Introduced

South Australia

Introduced

Tasmania

Introduced

Victoria

Introduced

New Zealand

Introduced

  1. Source: USDA-ARS (2013)

1.2 Appendix II: Research Institutes Relevant to Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

Institution name

Specialization and research activities

Address / Country

Contact information and website

Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton

Plant adaptation to the changing environment, genomics studies linked to phenotypic analysis

Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

Gail Taylor

G.Taylor@soton.ac.uk

https://www.southampton.ac.uk/life-sciences/

Vitacress Salads Ltd, Lower Link Farm

Suppliers of fresh produce, specialising in watercress, salads and fresh herbs

St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 6DB, UK

Graham Clarkson

gjjclarkson@hotmail.com

https://www.vitacress.com/

Genetic Resources Unit, Wellesbourne Campus, The University of Warwick, UK Vegetable Genebank

Vegetable Genebank

Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK

https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/lifesci/wcc/gru/genebank/

Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin

Medicinal plants

10095 Grugliasco Turin, Italy

Silvana Nicola

silvana.nicola@unito.it

https://en.unito.it/

Idaho Department of Agriculture

Idaho Invasive Species Council

Invasive species

 

Amy Ferriter

aferriter@agri.idaho.gov

http://invasivespecies.idaho.gov/

Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life

Sciences, Chungnam National University

Agriculture

220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305–764, Korea

supark@cnu.ac.kr

http://plus.cnu.ac.kr/html/kr/intro.html

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Hassandokht, M., Jafari, S., Ebrahimi, R. (2021). Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_6

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