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Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (Convolvulaceae) is a commonly grown vegetable in the Americas, Africa and especially Southeast Asia, including India. Due to the presence of numerous secondary metabolites, this plant has considerable therapeutic as well nutraceutical value and is categorized among highly prioritized but neglected leafy vegetables. Proper identification of the higher quality genotypes of I. aquatica will help scientists explore major genes to develop future high-quality varieties. Therefore, an integrated approach combining traditional and molecular plant breeding should be carried out to strengthen future breeding programs. Identification of traits controlling genes by extensive database searching with bioinformatics, followed by genomics and transgenic approaches, opens a new possibility to use these beneficial vegetables as potent nutraceuticals, especially in developing countries where malnutrition is a matter of concern. Application of plant cell culture technique can be an attractive field of research for this plant species. In this context micropropagation is the best choice for producing year around pilot-scale production within a short time span. In vitro plantlets can also be conserved as artificial seed to maintain elite plant lines with augmented secondary metabolites. Screening by the use of hairy root culture under photoautotrophic condition to detect contaminants and pollution can assure cultivars are safe to consume. This chapter presents an overview of the origin, distribution, botanical classification , breeding through classical and molecular approaches, tissue-culture practices like rapid micropropagation for high frequency regeneration, use of elite clones and conservation by alginate entrapment, prospects of using hairy root culture, recent developments and future scope of biotechnology and molecular biology using bioinformatics and transgenic approaches and their application for improvement of I. aquatica.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Moumita Gangopadhyay, Subhendu Bandyopadhyay & Samanwita Das

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Anup Kumar Das

Authors
  1. Moumita Gangopadhyay
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  2. Anup Kumar Das
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  3. Subhendu Bandyopadhyay
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  4. Samanwita Das
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moumita Gangopadhyay .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Water Spinach

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Contact information and website

State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences

Pollution-safe cultivar through traditional breeding, transcriptomics

Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,510275, China

Website: http://www.sysu.edu.cn

Research and Instructional Farm of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Science

Traditional and molecular breeding, agronomy

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

Website: http://www.igau.edu.in/

Laboratory of Aquatic Vegetables

Breeding

Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China

Website: http://en.yzu.edu.cn/

Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Station

Germplasm maintenance, breeding

Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Fengshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Website: https://www.tari.gov.tw/english/

Department of Botany

Phytochemistry

University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India

Website: http://www.allduniv.ac.in/

School of Environment and Life Science

Agronomy

University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom

Website: https://www.salford.ac.uk/

College of Natural Resources

Plant breeding

University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Website: https://www.berkeley.edu/

Humboldt-University of Berlin

Molecular biology, breeding

Institute of Horticultural Sciences

Lentzeallee 75, 14195 Berlin

Germany

Website: https://www.hu-berlin.de/

Department of Botany

Taxonomy

Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad, (M.S.), India

Website: http://www.bamu.ac.in/

Department of Safety and Environmental Engineering

Breeding and molecular biology

Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China

Website: http://www.hnit.edu.cn/

Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-environment

Agronomy, nutrition

Ministry of Agriculture/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China

Website: http://english.scau.edu.cn/

Resources and Environment College

Pollution-safe cultivar through traditional breeding

Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

Website: https://www.qau.edu.cn/

College of Agronomy

Pollution-safe cultivar through traditional breeding

Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Website: http://english.hunau.edu.cn/

Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory

Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur

University, Kolkata, 700032, India

Website: http://www.jaduniv.edu.in/

Department of Horticulture

Breeding, nutrition

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252

Website: https://www.bckv.edu.in/

1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Water Spinach

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

Source

Ipomoea aquatica - Variant I

Broad leaved

Southeast Asia

Austin (2007)

I. aquatica - Variant II

Narrow leaved

Southeast Asia

Kaiser Hamid et al. (2011)

Kankoong beeasa

Dark-green leaves and stems and purple flowers

Java

Cornelis et al. (1985)

Kankoong nagree

Yellowish-green leaves, yellowish stems and white flowers

Java

Cornelis et al. (1985)

Pak Quat

White stems

Hong Kong

Pritesh Pandey and Madan Jha (2019)

Ching Quat

Green stems

Hong Kong

Pritesh Pandey and Madan Jha (2019)

cv. QLQ

Low shoot Cd cultivar

China

Xin et al. (2010)

cv. T308

High shoot Cd cultivar

China

Baifei Huang et al. (2014)

Red stem cultivar

Dryland cultivation

China

Austin (2007)

White stem cultivar

Wetland cultivation

China

Austin (2007)

Taiwan filiform-leaf I. aquatica

High phytoremediation potential

Taiwan

Quan-Ying Cai et al. (2008)

Hong Kong white-skin I. aquatica

Low phytoremediation potential

Hong Kong

Saikat Dewanjee et al. (2015)

cv. Taiwan 308

Non-Cadmium-PSC

Taiwan, China

Wang et al. (2009)

Xianggangdaye, Sannongbaigeng, and Jieyangbaigeng

Non-Cadmium-PSC

China

Wang et al. (2009)

cv. Daxingbaigu, Huifengqing, Qiangkunbaigu, Qiangkunqinggu, Shenniuliuye, and Xingtianqinggu

Cadmium-PSCs

China

Wang et al. (2009)

Thaiqinggengliuye water spinach (Liuye)

Non- Arsenic-PSCs

China

Dua et al. (2015)

Hong Kong chunbaidaye water spinach (Daye)

Arsenic-PSCs

Hong Kong, China

Wang et al. (2009)

cv. YQ

Low-Cd-Pb

China

Junliang Xin et al. (2012)

cv. GDB

High-Cd-Pb

China

Baifei Huang et al. (2012)

Salween

Small bamboo-like leaves and Suitable for the hot rainy season

Northern Thailand, Vietnam, southern China

Grubben (2004)

Liao

Bamboo-like leaves for the dry season

Northern Thailand, Vietnam, southern China

Grubben (2004)

Chinwin

Branching cultivar

Northern Thailand, Vietnam, southern China

Cornelis et al. (1985)

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Gangopadhyay, M., Das, A.K., Bandyopadhyay, S., Das, S. (2021). Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_5

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