Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, collected, domesticated and cultivated in Europe, India and Egypt, like endive (C. endivia L.), its closest related species. It grows as a weed in temperate climatic regions and is widely cultivated in northern Europe. Chicory is beneficial to both humans and animals due to its high protein content, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and phytoactive compounds. It is consumed as a vegetable, edible flowers, coffee substitute and for medicinal and cosmetic metabolites. It is also used in hepatoprotective compounds and as a flavoring in beer. Its extract is an inhibitor of salmonella. It is consumed as an animal feed, always with great care to avoid toxicity. Industrial chicory is developed mainly for its inulin content. There is recent interest in genetically engineering chicory to obtain higher yields and create new cultivars, but chicory potential still awaits development, especially in Asian countries. This chapter presents an overview of the origin, distribution, taxonomy and conservation of genetic resources, as well as crop cultivation practices and advances in modern biotechnology and molecular biology and their application for crop improvement concurrently with traditional chicory breeding.
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Appendixes
Appendixes
1.1 Appendix I: List of Major Institutes Engaged in Chicory Research
Institutes Name | Country | Website |
---|---|---|
Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Victoria | Australia | |
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) | Belgium | |
Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia | Bulgaria | |
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences Průhonice | Czech Republic | |
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences | China | |
Institute Charles Violette (ICV) | France | |
Crops Research Institute Kumasi | Ghana | |
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben | Germany | |
Bundes Forschungs Institut für Kulturpflanzen | Germany | https://www.Julius-Kuehn.De/ |
Systematic Botany, Justus-Liebig-Universität | Germany | https://www.uni-giessen.de/faculties/f08/departments/botany/systematic-botany-group |
Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany | Germany | https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/sites/botanischergarten/index.html |
Crops Research Institute Kumasi | Ghana | |
Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla | Spain | |
Medicinal Plants Research Unit, College of Agricultural Engineering, Baghdad University | IRAQ | |
Wageningen University | Netherlands | https://www.Wur.Nl/En/Newsarticle/Breeding-Chicory-For-Medicine.Htm |
Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (Ibet) | Portugal | https://Eatris.Eu/Institutes/Instituto-De-Biologia-Experimental-E-Tecnologica-Ibet/ |
Institute for Systematics and Ecology of Animals | Russia | |
Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon, | South Korea | |
Oregon State University (OSU) | USA |
1.2 Appendix II: World List of Varieties and Wild Types of Chicory
Accession No. | Species | Origin | Material type |
---|---|---|---|
PI 651946 | Cichorium intybus | North Holland, Netherlands | Cultivar |
PI 651930 | C. intybus | USA | Cultivar |
NSL 69921 | C. intybus | Pennsylvania, USA | Cultivar |
PI 651954 | C. intybus | Germany | Cultivar |
PI 652015 | C. intybus | France | Cultivar |
PI 651955 | C. intybus | Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany | Line |
PI 652024 | C. intybus | Saxony-Anhalt, Germany | Wild |
PI 652048 | C. intybus | Italy | Cultivar |
PI652007 | C. intybus | Poland | Wild |
PI652019 | C. intybus | Switzerland | Wild |
PI652020 | C. intybus | Hungary | Wild |
PI652026 | C. intybus | Mazandaran, Iran | Wild |
PI652028 | C. intybus | Russian Federation | Wild |
PI652033 | C. intybus | Coimbra | Wild |
PI 432336 | C. intybus | Cyprus | Line |
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Aldahak, L., Salem, K.F.M., Al-Salim, S.H.F., Al-Khayri, J.M. (2021). Advances in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Breeding Strategies. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_1
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