Abstract
Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing.) is widely cultivated in China, Japan, Korea and many other Asian countries. It is one of the most extensively grown and consumed edible fungi in the world, with an exceptional high agricultural yield. Taxonomically, L. edodes belongs to the phylum Basideomycotina and family Agaricaceae. It is broadly distributed in the wild, mainly in the subtropical to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Due to its excellent taste qualities, high nutritional value, and medicinal properties, L. edodes is of great importance for the food industry and has medicinal applications. Various active medical ingredients such as lentinan, lentin, lectin and eritadenin, have been isolated from L. edodes culture media, fruiting bodies or mycelium. Enzymes, such as laccase, produced by L. edodes, have potential for industrial applications related to paper production (biopulping), residue treatment and improvement in the digestibility of animal rations. Like for other edible fungi cultivation, the raw materials for shiitake mushroom cultivation mostly constitute agricultural waste such as sawdust, straw and cottonseed husk. Moreover, the waste from the shiitake mushroom cultivation itself can be further used as a bio-organic fertilizer, greatly contributing to the process of crop rotation. Due to the changing natural environment along with the continuous improvement of living standards, mushroom cultivation is facing constant challenges. In order to obtain shiitake mushroom strains adapted to different climatic conditions, different cultivation methods and processing practices, breeders continuously screen for new shiitake varieties implementing diverse methods. In this chapter, we present an overview of the origin, distribution, taxonomic position, genetic characteristics, cultivation patterns and history of shiitake mushroom breeding by traditional and modern breeding methods in China.
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Appendices
Appendices
1.1 Appendix I: Major Institutes Engaged in Research on Shiitake Mushroom
Institution name | Specialization and research activities | Contact information address | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
College of Biology science, China Agricultural University | Physiological active substances of edible fungi and circular agriculture | No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China. Phone: 0086-10-62733874 Email:wlzx@cau.edu.cn | |
College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University | Breeding of Lentinus edodes and Hypsizygus marmoreus | No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. Phone: 0086-028-86290982 | |
Department of Microbiology, Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural School | Cultivation of edible fungi | No. 13 Qianjin Road, Yuanping City, Shanxi Province, 034100, China. Phone: 0086-0350-8223857 | |
Edible Fungi Research Institute of Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences | Breeding, cultivation and deep processing of Lentinus edodes | No. 35 Nanhua Road, Minhang District, Shanghai,201106, China. Phone: 0086-021-62200538 | |
Edible Fungi Technology Engineering Center of Henan, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences | Breeding and cultivation of edible fungi | No. 28 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450008, China. Phone: 0086-0371-65722860 | |
Edible Fungus Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences | Breeding and cultivation of edible fungi | No. 7 Qianrong Road, Wuxi City, 214000, China. Phone: 0086-0510-5515957 | |
Edible Fungus Research Center of Horticulture, Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences | Breeding of Lentinus edodes | No. 139 Xinshiqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China. Phone: 0086-0571-86404017 | |
Fujian Edible Fungi Association, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University | Breeding and cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus | No. 53 Baimazhong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350003, China. Phone: 0086-0591-3368144 | |
Fujian Sanming Fungi Research Institute | Breeding of Agaricus bisporus, and make seed production | Building 156, Luyan Contry, Liedongxinshi Norse Road, Sanming, Fujian Province, 365000, China. Phone: 0086-10-05988243994 | |
Hebei Zunhua Liqiang editable fungi research institute | Strain breeding, training, consultation and promotion of raw and auxiliary materials | No. 26, North Second Ring Road, Zunhua City, 064200, Hebei Province, China. Phone: 0086-0315-6636248 | |
Horticultural Institute Center of Editable Fungi, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences | Domestication of wild edible fungi in grassland | No. 246 Wulanchabu East Road, Hohhot city, 010010, China. Phone: 0086-0475-4929474 | |
Horticulture Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science | Breeding of Lentinus edodes and Stropharia rugosoannulata, and cultivation of Dictyophora indusiata | No. 200 Nongke Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. Phone: 0086-028-82747352 | |
Institute of Edible Fungi, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province | Cultivation of Auricularia auricula | No. 37-4, Section 2, Xinhua Road, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, 122000, China. Phone: 0086-0421-2812022 | |
Institute of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Hunan Agricultural University | Breeding and cultivation of edible fungi | Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410128, China. Phone: 0086-0731-4618175 | |
Institute of Edible Fungi, Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province | Breeding and cultivation of Black fungus | No. 68 Daoliquzhaolin Street, Haerbing, Heilongjiang Province, 157600, China. Phone: 0086-04533580031 | |
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Preservation and identification of edible fungi strains, formulation of product standards and technical procedures, deep processing of edible fungi | No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China. Phone: 0086-10-64807462 Email: office@im.ac.cn | |
Jiangsu Microbiology Institute Center of Bacteria | Laboratory and testing center of bioactive substances | No. 7 Qianrong Road, Wuxi City, 214000, China. Phone: 0086-0510-5515957 | |
Jilin Agricultural University | Conservation of resources, breeding and standardized cultivation of edible fungi, analysis of active components and deep processing of edible fungi | No. 2888, Xincheng Dajie, Changchun, Jilin Province,130118, China. Phone: 0086-0431-84533101 | |
Liaoning Edible Fungus Technology Development Center | Breeding of Lentinus edodes, Cordyceps militaris, | No. 84 Dongling Road, Shenhe Distriact, Shenyang City,110034, China. Phone: 0086-024-86126921 | |
Research Center for Edible Fungi Development, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences | Breeding and cultivation of Morel and Auricularia auricula | No. 20 Jingjusi Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province, China. Phone: 0086-28-89576964 | |
Shandong Jinxiang Institute of Fungi, Institute of Fungi Shandong Jinxiang | Breeding and cultivation Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus | Jitian District, Jinxiang County, Jining, Shandong Province, 272208, China. Phone: 0086-0537-8851472 | |
Shanxi Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Artificial cultivation technology of characteristic medicinal fungi in Qinling Mountains | No. 8 Xiying Road East, Xi ′an City, Shaanxi Province, 710013, China. Phone: 0086-029-85525097 | |
Strain Experimental Center of Huazhong, Huazhong Agricultural University | Germplasm resources evaluation, genetic breeding, cultivation techniques | Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province,430070, China. Phone: 0086-027-87386167 |
1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Shiitake Mushroom
Strain | Temperature form | Suitable fruiting temperature (°C) | Culture time (d) | Application (Number refers to the elevation of the origin place ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
L-856 | Moderate and low | 8~22 | 60~65 | 300~500 m, can get flower-mushroom in autumn cultivated in the open field |
Nong 7 | 8~22 | 65~70 | ||
L-087 | 8~22 | 65~70 | ||
Cr-02 | 8~22 | 55~60 | ||
9018 | 12~20 | 60~65 | ||
L-135 | 6~18 | 180~200 | > 600 m, shelf culture in spring, and get flower-mushroom in autumn and winter | |
9015 | 8~22 | 90~120 | ||
Nanhua 103 | 8~22 | 100~180 | ||
Le-13 | Low | 8~18 | 60~65 | Inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn in Northwest China |
9101 | 7~18 | 60~65 | Inoculate in autumn on soil, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn in Northeast China | |
N-06 | 8~20 | 60~70 | Inoculate in autumn on shelf, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn in North China | |
241-4 | 7~20 | 160~200 | > 600 m, inoculate in spring in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn | |
939 | 8~20 | 160~180 | > 600 m, inoculate in spring on shelf, fruiting in winter and autumn | |
Cr-66 | Medium | 9~23 | 60~75 | 300~500 m, inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn |
Cr-62 | 9~23 | 60~70 | ||
L-26 | 10~24 | 65~70 | ||
Shenxiang No.9 | 12~18 | 60~70 | ||
Suxiang No.1 | Medium and high | 10~25 | 60~75 | < 300 m, inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn; 300~600 m, Inoculate in spring and buried, fruiting in spring and autumn |
Yuanya No.1 | 10~25 | 70~75 | Inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring and winter in low altitude areas; 300~600 m, inoculate in spring and buried, fruiting in winter and autumn | |
Cr-04 | 10~23 | 70~80 | Inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring and winter in low altitude areas; 300~600 m, inoculate in spring and buried, >700 m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn | |
Cr-20 | 12~26 | 70~80 | < 300 m, inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in winter and spring; >300,<600 m, buried in spring; >700 m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn | |
Wuxiang No.1 | High | 16~25 | 70~80 | >500m, off-season inoculation in spring, and buried, > 700m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn |
8001 | 14~26 | 70~75 | ||
Guangxiang 47 | 14~28 | 70~80 | >300 m, inoculate in autumn, and fruiting in winter and spring; >500 m, inoculation in spring and buried,>700m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn | |
8500 | 13~26 | 70~80 | ||
XinglongNo.1 | 14~28 | 70~80 | Off-season cultivation in cold regions of northern, fruiting in summer and autumn in open field |
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Xiang, Q., Adil, B., Chen, Q., Gu, Y., Zeng, X., Li, X. (2021). Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing.) Breeding in China. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_12
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