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Radiopharmaceuticals in Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

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Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine

Abstract

Radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to image selectively most of the organ systems of the body. Most commonly, these agents are labelled with the gamma-emitters technetium-99m, iodine-123 or indium-111. The most widely used studies are skeletal scintigraphy, myocardial perfusion imaging, and lung ventilation and perfusion imaging; the targeting agents used are, respectively, bisphosphonate compounds that bind to the hydroxyapatite matrix, lipophilic cations that are trapped in the mitochondria of myocytes, aerosols that outline the airways and particles that are trapped in pulmonary capillaries. If targeting is sufficiently high, the same or similar agents can be labelled with beta- or alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides for therapy. The most common radionuclide therapy is iodine-131 sodium iodide for benign or malignant thyroid disease. After many years of promise, there has been a great expansion in the use of radionuclide therapy with the recent introduction of lutetium-177 somatostatin-receptor-binding peptides (e.g. DOTATATE) for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours and radium-223 chloride for use in metastatic prostate cancer.

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  1. School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    James R. Ballinger

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  1. Department of Physics, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

    Magdy M. Khalil

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Ballinger, J.R. (2021). Radiopharmaceuticals in Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy. In: Khalil, M.M. (eds) Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65245-6_5

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