Skip to main content

Abstract

The paper describes usage of deep neural networks based on ResNet and Xception architectures for recognition of age and gender of imbalanced dataset of face images. Described dataset collection process from open sources. Training sample contains more than 210000 images. Testing sample have more 1700 special selected face images with different ages and genders. Training data has imbalanced number of images per class. Accuracy for gender classification and mean absolute error for age estimation are used to analyze results quality. Age recognition is described as classification task with 101 classes. Gender recognition is solved as classification task with two categories. Paper contains analysis of different approaches to data balancing and their influence to recognition results. The computing experiment was carried out on a graphics processor using NVidia CUDA technology. The average recognition time per image is estimated for different deep neural networks. Obtained results can be used in software for public space monitoring, collection of visiting statistics etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Levi, G., Hassner, T.: Age and gender classification using convolutional neural networks. In: IEEE Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures (AMFG), at the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Boston (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Eidinger, E., Enbar, R., Hassner, T.: Age and gender estimation of unfiltered faces. In: Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (IEEE-TIFS), Special Issue on Facial Biometrics in the Wild, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 2170–2179 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Escalera, S., Fabian, J., Pardo, P., Baro, X., Gonzalez, J., Escalante, H. J., Guyon, I.: Chalearn 2015 apparent age and cultural event recognition: datasets and results. In: ICCV, ChaLearn Looking at People workshop (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Agustsson E., Timofte R., Escalera S., Baro X., Guyon I., Rothe R.: Apparent and real age estimation in still images with deep residual regressors on APPA-REAL database. In: Proceedings of FG (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rothe, R., Timofte, R., Gool, L.V.: DEX: Deep EXpectation of apparent age from a single image. In: Proceedings of ICCV (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Clapes, A., Bilici, O., Temirova, D., Avots, E., Anbarjafari, G., Escalera, S.: From apparent to real age: gender, age, ethnic, makeup, and expression bias analysis in real age estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 2373–2382 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rothe, R., Timofte, R., Gool, L.V.: Deep expectation of real and apparent age from a single image without facial landmarks. In: IJCV (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang, Z., Song, Y., Qi, H.: Age progression/regression by conditional adversarial autoencoder. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Panis, G., Lanitis, A., Tsapatsoulis, N., Cootes, T.F.: Overview of research on facial ageing using the FG-net ageing database. IET Biometrics 5(2), 37–46 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, B.-C., Chen, C.-S., Hsu, W.H.: Face recognition using cross-age reference coding with cross-age celebrity dataset. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 17, 804–815 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ricanek, K., Tesafaye, T.: MORPH: a longitudinal image database of normal adult age-progression. In: 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR06) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. IBM Research DiF dataset. https://www.research.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence/trusted-ai/diversity-in-faces/#access. Accessed 25 May 2019

  13. Jiang, B.: Age and gender estimation based on Convolutional Neural Network and TensorFlow. https://github.com/BoyuanJiang/Age-Gender-Estimate-TF. Accessed 25 May 2019

  14. Tommola, J., Ghazi, P., Adhikari, B., Huttunen, H.: Real time system for facial analysis. In: EUVIP 2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Becerra-Riera, F., Morales-González, A., Vazquez, H. M.: Exploring local deep representations for facial gender classification in videos. In: Conference: International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition (IWAIPR) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kharchevnikova, A.S., Savchenko, A.V.: Neural networks in video-based age and gender recognition on mobile platforms. Opt. Memory Neural Netw. 27(4), 246–259 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Seif, G.: Handling imbalanced datasets in deep learning (2018). https://towardsdatascience.com/handling-imbalanced-datasets-in-deep-learning-f48407a0e758. Accessed 25 May 2019

  18. Lin, T.-Y., Goyal, P., Girshick, R., He, K., Doll’ar P.: Focal loss for dense object detection. arXiv:1708.02002v2 (2018)

  19. Zhang, H., Cisse, M., Dauphin, Y.N., Lopez-Paz, D.: mixup: beyond empirical risk minimization. arXiv:1710.09412 (2017)

  20. Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Kang, G., Li,, S., Yang, Y.: Random erasing data augmentation. arXiv:1708.04896 (2017)

  21. Augmentor library. https://github.com/mdbloice/Augmentor. Accessed 25 May 2019

  22. Imgaug library. https://imgaug.readthedocs.io. Accessed 25 May 2019

  23. Wang, X., Wang, K., Lian, S.: A survey on face data augmentation. In: CVPR. arXiv:1904.11685v1 (2019)

  24. Guan, S.: TL-GAN: transparent latent-space GAN (2018). https://github.com/SummitKwan/transparent_latent_gan. Accessed 25 May 2019

  25. Karras, T., Aila, T., Laine, S., Lehtinen, J.: Progressive growing of GANs for improved quality, stability, and variation. In: ICLR 2018. arXiv:1710.10196v3 (2018)

  26. Yan, X., Yang, J., Sohn, K., Lee, H.: Attribute2Image: conditional image generation from visual attributes. arXiv:1512.00570v2 (2016)

  27. Kaiming, H., Xiangyu, Z., Shaoqing, R., Jian S.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: ECCV. arXiv:1512.03385 (2015)

  28. Yudin, D., Kapustina, E.: Deep learning in vehicle pose recognition on two-dimensional images. In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 874, pp. 434–443 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chollet, F.: Xception: deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions. In: CVPR 2017. arXiv:1610.02357 (2017)

  30. Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., Wojna Z.: Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision. In: ECCV. arXiv:1512.00567 (2016)

  31. Chollet, F.: Keras: deep learning library for Theano and tensorflow. https://keras.io/. Accessed 26 May 2019

Download references

Acknowledgment

The research was made possible by Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement № 075-02-2019-967).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dmitry Yudin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Yudin, D., Shchendrygin, M., Dolzhenko, A. (2020). Age and Gender Recognition on Imbalanced Dataset of Face Images with Deep Learning. In: Kovalev, S., Tarassov, V., Snasel, V., Sukhanov, A. (eds) Proceedings of the Fourth International Scientific Conference “Intelligent Information Technologies for Industry” (IITI’19). IITI 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1156. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50097-9_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics