Abstract
This paper describes a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) that uses PZT or lead zirconate titanate (Pb[Zr(x)Ti(1 − x)]O3) elements to convert mechanical energy from moving vehicles to electricity. The PEH consists of a rectangular metal housing supported by four PZT stacks located at its corners. It is sized to capture the right wheel path of the weaving traffic. Each PZT stack consists of six PZT cylindrical elements connected in parallel. Extensive laboratory tests were performed to properly characterize and model the stacks. An electromechanical model of the stacks was developed to translate its mechanical properties to electrical properties. This model was implemented into Matlab/Simulink in order to optimize the power harvesting circuitry. The output power depends on the applied stress and the loading frequency. The power output of one of the PZT stacks is in the order of 10 mW and 1.4 W for a car axle and a truck axle, respectively. In addition to generating power, the PZT stacks can be used as axle load sensors by utilizing the output voltage to back calculate the stress using the developed model.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Batra AK, Alomari A (2017) Power Harvesting via Smart Materials. SPIE PRESS, Bellingham. https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2268643
Cook-Chennault KA, Thambi N, Sastry AM (2008) Powering MEMS portable devices—a review of non-regenerative and regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. Smart Mater Struct 17(4):043001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/17/4/043001
Erturk A, Inman DJ (2011) Piezoelectric energy harvesting. Wiley, Hoboken
Feenstra J, Granstrom J, Sodano H (2008) Energy harvesting through a backpack employing a mechanically amplified piezoelectric stack. Mech Syst Signal Process 22(3):721–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.09.015
Gholikhani M, Nasouri R, Tahami SA, Legette S, Dessouky S, Montoya A (2019) Harvesting kinetic energy from roadway pavement through an electromagnetic speed bump. Appl Energy 250(September):503–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.060
Guilar NJ, Kleeburg TJ, Chen A, Yankelevich DR, Amirtharajah R (2009) Integrated solar energy harvesting and storage. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr (VLSI) Syst 17(5):627–637. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2008.2006792
Jiang X, Li Y, Li J, Wang J, Yao J (2014) Piezoelectric energy harvesting from traffic-induced pavement vibrations. J Renew Sustain Energy 6(4):043110. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4891169
Jung I, Shin Y-H, Kim S, Choi J-y, Kang C-Y (2017) Flexible piezoelectric polymer-based energy harvesting system for roadway applications. Appl Energy 197(July):222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.020
Khalili M, Biten AB, Vishwakarma G, Ahmed S, Papagiannakis AT (2019) Electro-mechanical characterization of a piezoelectric energy harvester. Appl Energy 253(November):113585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113585
Kour R, Charif A (2016) Piezoelectric roads: energy harvesting method using piezoelectric technology. Innov Energy Res 5(1):1–6
Platt SR, Farritor S, Garvin K, Haider H (2005a) The use of piezoelectric ceramics for electric power generation within orthopedic implants. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 10(4):455–461. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2005.852482
Platt SR, Farritor S, Haider H (2005b) On low-frequency electric power generation with pzt ceramics. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 10(2):240–252. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2005.844704
“Press Release: 3.2 Trillion Miles Driven On U.S. Roads In 2016, 2/21/2017| Federal Highway Administration.” n.d. Accessed 23 May 2019. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pressroom/fhwa1704.cfm
Roshani H, Dessouky S, Montoya A, Papagiannakis AT (2016) Energy harvesting from asphalt pavement roadways vehicle-induced stresses: a feasibility study. Appl Energy 182(November):210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.116
Sun C, Shang G, Zhu X, Tao Y, Li Z (2013) Modeling for Piezoelectric Stacks in Series and Parallel, pp. 954–957. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISDEA.2012.228
Tahami SA, Gholikhani M, Nasouri R, Dessouky S, Papagiannakis AT (2019) Developing a new thermoelectric approach for energy harvesting from asphalt pavements. Appl Energy 238(March):786–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.152
Xiong H (2014) Piezoelectric energy harvesting for public roadways. PHD Other-Dissertation, Civil Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Xiong H, Wang L (2016) Piezoelectric energy harvester for public roadway: on-site installation and evaluation. Appl Energy 174(July):101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.031
Xu T-B, Siochi EJ, Kang JH, Zuo L, Zhou W, Tang X, Jiang X (2013) Energy harvesting using a PZT ceramic multilayer stack. Smart Mater Struct 22(6):065015. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/6/065015
Yang H, Wang L, Hou Y, Guo M, Ye Z, Tong X, Wang D (2017) Development in stacked-array-type piezoelectric energy harvester in asphalt pavement. J Mater Civ Eng 29(11):04017224. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002079
Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere gratitude for the funding provided by CPS Energy of San Antonio, which made this work possible.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Khalili, M., Ahmed, S., Papagiannakis, A.T. (2020). Developing and Modeling a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (PEH) for Highway Pavements. In: Raab, C. (eds) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements—Mairepav9. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 76. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48678-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48679-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)