Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has already begun to drastically alter the way people operate in various industries across the world, as well as how we interact with our environment. There is a lot of progress being made toward achieving the envisioned goals of IoT, however there are still numerous challenges to be addressed. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and its beacons protocol have pushed forward innovations in the field of microlocation, which is a key area of IoT. The emergence of fog computing architecture has also lead to reduced dependence on cloud architecture by shifting resources towards users and local applications. Together these two innovations provide ideal conditions for adoption of IoT in emerging economies, which are known to be both financially and technically constrained. In this paper we provide an overview of the key innovations that are suitable for adoption in emerging economies based on BLE and fog computing. We further present three reference models for indoor navigation systems which can help further the research work in the application of BLE and fog computing.
M. Sun and K. M. Kamoto—Both authors are the first author due to equal contribution to this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ashton, K.: That internet of things’ thing. RFID J. 22(7), 97–114 (2009)
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M.: Internet of Things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 29(7), 1645–1660 (2013)
Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I.: Internet of things: vision, applications and research challenges. Ad Hoc Netw. 10(7), 1497–1516 (2012)
Zaim, D., Bellafkih, M.: Bluetooth low energy (BLE) based geomarketing system. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA), Mohammedia, Morocco, pp. 1–6. IEEE (2016)
Alletto, S., et al.: An indoor location-aware system for an IoT-based smart museum. IEEE Internet Things J. 3(2), 244–253 (2016)
Gast, M.S.: Building Applications with Ibeacon: Proximity and Location Services with Bluetooth Low Energy. O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol (2014)
Cheraghi, S.A., Namboodiri, V., Walker, L.: Guidebeacon: beacon-based indoor wayfinding for the blind, visually impaired, and disoriented. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference Pervasive Computing Communications (PerCom), Kailua, HI, USA, pp. 121–130. IEEE (2017)
Chiang, M., Zhang, T.: Fog and IoT: an overview of research opportunities. IEEE Internet Things J. 3(6), 854–864 (2016)
Jeon, K.E., She, J., Soonsawad, P., Ng, P.C.: BLE beacons for internet of things applications: survey, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Internet Things J. 5(2), 811–828 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2788449
Apple – iBeacon. https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/. Accessed 21 June 2019
Google - Mark up the world using beacons. https://developers.google.com/beacons/. Accessed 21 June 2019
AltBeacon. https://github.com/AltBeacon. Accessed 24 June 2019
GeoBeacon. https://github.com/Tecno-World/GeoBeacon. Accessed 24 June 2019
Faragher, R., Harle, R.: Location fingerprinting with bluetooth low energy beacons. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 33(11), 2418–2428 (2015)
RodrÃguez, G., Canedo-RodrÃguez, A., Iglesias, R., Nieto, A.: Indoor positioning and guiding for drivers. IEEE Sens. J. 19(14), 5923–5935 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2907473
Ito, A., et al.: A trial of navigation system using BLE beacon for sightseeing in traditional area of Nikko. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES), Yokohama, Japan, pp. 170–175. IEEE (2015)
TechCrunch - Gatwick Airport Now Has 2,000 Beacons for Indoor Navigation. https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/25/gatwick-airport-now-has-2000-beacons-for-indoor-navigation/. Accessed 21 June 2019
Shao, C., Islam, B., Nirjon, S.: MARBLE: mobile augmented reality using a distributed BLE beacon infrastructure. In: Proceedings of 2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 60–71. IEEE (2018)
Djuric, P.M., et al.: Particle filtering. IEEE Sign. Process. Mag. 20(5), 19–38 (2003)
Guvenc, I., Abdallah, C., Jordan, R., Dedoglu, O.: Enhancements to RSS based indoor tracking systems using Kalman filters. In: Proceedings of International Signal Processing Conference (ISPC) and Global Signal Processing Expo (GSPx), Dallas, TX, USA (2003)
Dijkstra, E.W.: A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numer. Math. 1(1), 269–271 (1959)
Acknowledgement
This work has received funding from 5150 Spring Specialists (05492018012), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement no. 701697, Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 17ZDA092), Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK and China Natural Science Foundation Council (RSE Reference: 62967_Liu_2018_2) under their Joint International Projects funding scheme and 333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province (BRA2018332).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sun, M., Kamoto, K.M., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Qi, L. (2020). Application of Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons and Fog Computing for Smarter Environments in Emerging Economies. In: Zhang, X., Liu, G., Qiu, M., Xiang, W., Huang, T. (eds) Cloud Computing, Smart Grid and Innovative Frontiers in Telecommunications. CloudComp SmartGift 2019 2019. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 322. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48513-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48513-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48512-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48513-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)