Abstract
Current aviation law and regulation, which has evolved over 75 years stand at an inflexion point where principles pertaining thereto have to be interpreted within the realm of the digital age. Starting with Article 1 which establishes the cornerstone of aviation law, which established that the contracting States to the Convention recognise that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory, and moving on to Article 2 which explains that the territory of a State must be deemed to be the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto under the sovereignty, suzerainty, protection or mandate of such State, one has to consider cyber interference within these parameters.
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Notes
- 1.
Activities by non-State actors within the territory of a State are not taken into consideration in the context of this discussion.
- 2.
State of the Union Address by President Barack Obama (Feb 12, 2013) in which he refers to the Executive Order signed by him. See Exec Order No 13,636, Fed. Reg.11,739 (Feb 12, 2013).
- 3.
United Nations Charter, Article 2.4. https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/un-charter-full-text/.
- 4.
White House, International Strategy for Cyberspace, 10 (2011).
- 5.
Id., at 9.
- 6.
Lotrionte, Catherine, State Sovereignty and Self Defence in Cyberspace: A Normative Framework for Balancing Legal Rights, Emory International Law Review, Vol. 26 at 836. See http://law.emory.edu/eilr/_documents/volumes/26/2/symposium/lotrionte.pdf.
- 7.
Brynjolfsson and Collis (2019), p. 142.
- 8.
Proceedings of the International Civil Aviation Conference, supra, note 3 at 65.
- 9.
FAIR COMPETITION AND REGULATORY COOPERATION IN THE AVIATION SECTOR, ATConf/6-WP/62 14/2/13, at 2.
- 10.
See Study on Preferential Measures for Developing Countries, ICAO Doc AT-WP/1789, 22/8/96 at A-7–A-9. For a more recent revision of guidelines, see, Policy and Guidance Material on the Economic Regulation of International Air Transport, ICAO Doc, 9587, Second Edition, 1999, Appendix 3 at A3-1–A3-3.
- 11.
TRUST FRAMEWORK FOR A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT, A40-WP/197 TE/79 1/8/19, at 1.
- 12.
- 13.
(1988) 86 Cr App R 47.
- 14.
Intercity Telecom Limited & Anor v. Sanjay Solanki [2015] 2 Costs LR 315, [2015] EWHC B3.
- 15.
178 Neb. 253, 132 N.W.2d 871, 11 A.L.R.3d 1368 (1965).
- 16.
222 So. 2d 393 (Miss. 1969).
- 17.
Re VeeVinhnee, Debtor American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc v VeeVinhnee, 336 BR 437 (9th Cir BAP, December 16.
- 18.
Mohamad (2019), p. 126.
- 19.
836 F.2d 453 (9th Cir. 1988).
- 20.
773 F.2d 1553 (11th Cir. 1985).
- 21.
Johanne Gauthier, Partner, OGILVY RENAULT, S.E.N.C. The Admissibility of Computer-Generated Evidence: an Overview, http://www.cmla.org/papers/Admissibility%20of%20Computer%20Generated%20Evidence.Johanne%20Gauthier.28.Nov.1997.pdf at p. 10.
References
Abeyratne R (2005) The E-passport and the public key directory – consequences for ICAO. Air Space Law XXX(4–5):255–268
Brynjolfsson E, Collis A (2019) How should we measure the digital economy? Focus on the value crated, not just the prices paid. Harv Bus Rev:142
Mohamad AM (2019) Admissibility and authenticity of electronic evidence in the courts of Malaysia and United Kingdom. Int J Law Gov Commun 4(15):121–129
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Abeyratne, R. (2020). The Chicago Convention in the Digital World. In: Aviation in the Digital Age. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48218-3_8
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