Skip to main content

Populations in Landscapes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Complexity in Landscape Ecology

Part of the book series: Landscape Series ((LAEC,volume 22))

  • 616 Accesses

Abstract

In fragmented landscapes, species are often found in spatially separated, but interacting metapopulations. The combination of dispersal, competition and environmental variations lead to distribution patterns, especially clumps, patches, boundaries and zones. Pollen and charcoal analyses show that fires can trigger rapid changes in forest composition. Phylogeography makes it possible to trace postglacial migrations and genetic variation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Melitaea cinxia distribution on the Ã…land islands is an example of a metapopulation. Later studies by the same authors investigated their population dynamics in more detail, and used this species to demonstrate that modelling metapopulation dynamics can help elucidate the effects of habitat patch size, degree of isolation and habitat quality.

References

  1. Avise JC, Arnold J, Ball RM, Bermingham E, Lamb T, Neigel JE, Carol A, Reeb CA, Saunders NC (1987) Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 18(1):489–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ball MC (1988) Ecophysiology of mangroves. Trees 2(3):129–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bennett KD (1983) Postglacial population expansion of forest trees in Norfolk, UK. Nature 303(5913):164–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bennett KD (1985) The spread of Fagus grandifolia across North America during the last 18000 years. J Biogeogr 12(2):147–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Birks HJB, Berglund BE (2018) One hundred years of quaternary pollen analysis 1916–2016. Veg Hist Archaeobot 27(2):271–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Buchan MS (2018) Late Holocene fire history and vegetation dynamics: a pollen and charcoal record from a southern Finnish lake. Master’s Thesis. University of Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  7. Burress ED, Tan M (2017) Ecological opportunity alters the timing and shape of adaptive radiation. Evolution 71(11):2650–2660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen Y (1988) Early Holocene population expansion of some rainforest trees at Lake Barrine basin Queensland. Aust J Ecol 13(2):225–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Davis MB (1976) Pleistocene biogeography of temperate deciduous forests. Geoscience Man 13:13–26

    Google Scholar 

  10. Delcourt PA, Delcourt HR (1987) Long–term Forest dynamics of the temperate zone ecological studies, vol 63. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Fletcher MS, Bowman DMJS, Whitlock C, Mariani M, Stahle L (2018) The changing role of fire in conifer-dominated temperate rainforest through the last 14,000 years. Quat Sci Rev 182:37–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Friedrich O, Norris RD, Erbacher J (2012) Evolution of middle to late cretaceous oceans—a 55 my record of Earth’s temperature and carbon cycle. Geology 40(2):107–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gavin DG, Hallett DJ, Hu FS, Lertzman KP, Prichard SJ, Brown KJ, Lynch JA, Bartlein P, Peterson DL (2007) Forest fire and climate change in western North America: insights from sediment charcoal records. Front Ecol Environ 5(9):499–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Green DG (1982) Fire and stability in the postglacial forests of Southwest Nova Scotia. J Biogeogr 9(1):29–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Green DG (1987) Pollen evidence for the postglacial origins of Nova Scotia’s forests. Can J Bot 65(6):1163–1179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hansen J, Sato M, Russell G, Kharecha P (2013) Climate sensitivity sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Phil Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 371(2001):20120294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hanski IA (1997) Metapopulation dynamics: from concepts and observations to predictive models. In: Hanski IA, Gilpin ME (eds) Metapopulation, biology, ecology, genetics and evolution. Academic, San Diego, pp 69–91

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Hanski IA, Gilpin ME (1991) Metapopulation dynamics: brief history and conceptual domain. Biol J Linn Soc 42(1–2):3–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hewitt GM (1996) Some genetic consequences of ice ages and their role in divergence and speciation. Biol J Linnean Soc 58(3):247–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hewitt GM (2000) The genetic legacy of the quaternary ice ages. Nature 405(6789):907–913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Higuera PE, Brubaker LB, Anderson PM, Hu FS, Brown TA (2009) Vegetation mediated the impacts of postglacial climate change on fire regimes in the south-central Brooks Range Alaska. Ecol Monogr 79(2):201–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lefebvre T, Vargo EL, Zimmermann M, Dupont S, Kutnik M, Bagnères AG (2016) Subterranean termite phylogeography reveals multiple postglacial colonization events in southwestern Europe. Ecol Evol 6(16):5987–6004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Levins R (1969) Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Am Entomol 15(3):237–240

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lindenmayer DB, Possingham HP (1995) Modeling the viability of metapopulations of the endangered Leadbeater’s possum in South–Eastern Australia. Biodivers Conserv 4(9):984–1018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lindenmayer D, Banks S, McBurney L, Blair D (2010) After the fire: Leadbeater’s long journey. Ecos 157:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  26. Manel S, Schwartz MK, Luikart G, Taberlet P (2003) Landscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics. Trends Ecol Evol 18(4):189–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Meier JI, Marques DA, Mwaiko S, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O (2017) Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations. Nat Commun 8:14363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Moilanen A, Hanski I (1998) Metapopulation dynamics: effects of habitat quality and landscape structure. Ecology 79(7):2503–2515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Parida AK, Jha B (2010) Salt tolerance mechanisms in mangroves: a review. Trees 24(2):199–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Pielou EC (1974) Population and community ecology. Gordon & Breach, New York

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ronquist F, Sanmartin I (2011) Phylogenetic methods in biogeography. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 42(1):441–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Simberloff D, Farr JA, Cox J, Mehlman DW (1992) Movement corridors: conservation bargains or poor investments? Cons Biol 6(4):493–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Stahle LN, Chin H, Haberle S, Whitlock C (2017) Late-glacial and Holocene records of fire and vegetation from Cradle Mountain National Park, Tasmania, Australia. Quat Sci Rev 177:57–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Stroud JT, Losos JB (2016) Ecological opportunity and adaptive radiation. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 47:507–532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Tinner W, Lotter A (2006) Holocene expansions of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba in Central Europe: where are we after eight decades of debate? Quat Sci Rev 25(5):526–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tsukada M (1982) Cryptomeria japonica: glacial refugia and late-glacial and post glacial migration. Ecology 63(4):1091–1105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Webb T III (1979) The past 11000 years of vegetational change in eastern North America. Bioscience 31:501–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Williamson M (1996) Biological invasions population and community, Biology series, vol 15. Chapman & Hall, London, p 104

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Green, D.G., Klomp, N.I., Rimmington, G., Sadedin, S. (2020). Populations in Landscapes. In: Complexity in Landscape Ecology. Landscape Series, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46773-9_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics