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Women and Prison pp 97–129Cite as

Intersectional Pathways: The Role Victimization Plays in Women’s Offending and in Prisons

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Abstract

Most people in US prisons are men, but the incarceration rate for women rose 700% from 1980 to 2017. Women of color and transgender women are disproportionately housed in correctional facilities compared with their representation in the population. Despite the increased volume of women in prisons, researchers, policy makers, and practitioners often fail to consider the context of women’s offending. For example, there is a clear connection between victimization and offending in women. Most women who are incarcerated have experienced some form of sexual or physical victimization as a child, an adult, or both, prior to incarceration and have physical and mental health issues stemming from these experiences. These issues will often go unaddressed or be exacerbated while incarcerated, likely contributing to a high recidivism rate. This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical research pertaining to the role of victimization in women’s offending and incarceration. In reviewing this research, we consider the influence of intersectionality and the marginalization of women who are incarcerated.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Throughout this chapter, we use the terms “victim” and “survivor” deliberately and not interchangeably. When we use the term victim, we are referring to the victim label and associated stigma. Survivor, the more commonly used term in advocacy, is used to represent those who have been victimized and the journey in working to address the short and long-term effects of victimization.

  2. 2.

    Even though the research cited here uses the word prostitute it is not the preferred academic or societal term. Sex worker is more appropriate.

  3. 3.

    American Indian is the term used in the research. First Nations people is a more appropriate term, and where applicable is what we use when discussing this ethnicity.

  4. 4.

    We use the racial terminology used by the researchers in their study. However, we recognize that the term Black is more appropriate, as Black insinuates more than just African American and highlights the need to assess race, ethnicity, and colorism separately.

  5. 5.

    Like other terms used in this chapter, we want to explain that we use the terms that are presented in the research for accuracy. Gender identification, presentation and orientation and therefore one’s personal identifying label is complicated. Read Lenning (2009) for an introduction to this topic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA

    Katherine Lorenz

  2. Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, USA

    Rebecca M. Hayes

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  1. Katherine Lorenz
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  2. Rebecca M. Hayes
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Correspondence to Katherine Lorenz .

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  1. University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA

    Jada Hector

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Lorenz, K., Hayes, R.M. (2020). Intersectional Pathways: The Role Victimization Plays in Women’s Offending and in Prisons. In: Hector, J. (eds) Women and Prison. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46172-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46172-0_8

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