Skip to main content

Novel Devices for Stroke Prevention

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Heart Rhythm Disorders
  • 907 Accesses

Abstract

Anticoagulation with warfarin and the new anticoagulants remain the standard treatment of AF to prevent strokes. However, there are patients who bleed on anticoagulation therapy; the bleeding often occurs through the gastrointestinal system and into the brain. These patients are at risk for repeated bleeding. Moreover, many of these patients have a high risk of stroke if left without anticoagulation. Echocardiographic and autopsy studies have demonstrated that the left atrial appendage (LAA) is the major source of clots in patients with AF. The obvious solution to this problem is to insert a device to close the LAA. In this chapter the author discusses the role of several devices including the Watchman, Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and Amulet, and the Lariat device for LAA occlusion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. McNamara RL, Lima JA, Whelton PK, Powe NR. Echocardiographic identification of cardiovascular sources of emboli to guide clinical management of stroke: a cost effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1997;12:775–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Leung DY, Davidson PM, Cranney GB, Walsh WF. Thromboembolic risks of left atrial thrombus detected by transesophageal echocardiogram. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:626–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Aberg H. Atrial fibrillation. I. A study of atrial thrombosis and systemic embolism in a necropsy material. Acta Med Scand. 1969;185:373–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Reddy VY, Gibson DN, Kar S, et al. Post-approval U.S. experience with left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:253–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Santoro G, Meucci F, Stolcova M, et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: implantation and up to four years follow-up of the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug. EuroIntervention. 2016;11:1188–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG, et al. PROTECT AF investigators. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2009;374:534–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Reddy VY, Sievert H, Halperin J, et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure vs warfarin for atrial fibrillation. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2014;312(19):1988–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Holmes DR Jr, Kar S, Price MJ, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman left atrial appendage closure device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy: the PREVAIL trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Reddy VY, Holmes D, Doshi SK, Neuzil P, Kar S. Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman left atrial appendage system for embolic protection in patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the continued access registry. Circulation. 2011;123:417–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Holmes DR Jr, Doshi SK, Kar S, et al. Left atrial appendage closure as an alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a patient-level meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2614–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Boersma LV, Schmidt B, Betts TR, et al. Implant success and safety of left atrial appendage closure with the WATCHMAN device: peri-procedural outcomes from the EWOLUTION registry. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2465–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Betts TR, Leo M, Panikker S, et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion using different technologies in the United Kingdom: a multicenter registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;89:484–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alli O, Doshi S, Kar S, et al. Quality of life assessment in the randomized PROTECT AF (percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation) trial of patients at risk for stroke with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1790–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Reddy VY, Akehurst RL, Armstrong SO, et al. Cost effectiveness of left atrial appendage closure with the Watchman device for atrial fibrillation patients with absolute contraindications to warfarin. Europace. 2016;18:979–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Reddy VY, Akehurst RL, Armstrong SO, et al. Time to cost-effectiveness following stroke reduction strategies in AF: warfarin versus NOACs versus LAA closure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:2728–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tzikas A, Shakir S, Gafoor S, et al. Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: multicenter experience with the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug. EuroIntervention. 2016;11:1170–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Landmesser U, Schmidt B, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, et al. Left atrial appendage occlusion with the AMPLATZER Amulet device: periprocedural and early clinical/echocardiographic data from a global prospective observational study. EuroIntervention. 2017;13:867–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gloekler S, Shakir S, Doblies J, et al. Early results of first versus second generation Amplatzer occluders for left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015;104:656–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Abualsaud A, Freixa X, Tzikas A, et al. Side-by-side comparison of LAA occlusion performance with the Amplatzer cardiac plug and Amplatzer Amulet. J Invasive Cardiol. 2016;28:34–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Genovesi S, Slaviero G, Porcu L, et al. Implant success and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion in end stage renal disease patients: peri-procedural outcomes from an Italian dialysis population. Int J Cardiol. 2018;262:38–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee OH, Kim JS, Pak HN, et al. Feasibility of left atrial appendage occlusion for left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121:1534–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lakkireddy D, Afzal MR, Lee RJ, et al. Short and long-term outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation: results from a US multicenter evaluation. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13:1030–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bartus K, Han FT, Bednarek J, et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation using the LARIAT device in patients with atrial fibrillation: initial clinical experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:108–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Miller MA, Gangireddy SR, Doshi SK, et al. Multicenter study on acute and long-term safety and efficacy of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure using an epicardial suture snaring device. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11:1853–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Reddy VY, Akehurst RL, Amorosi SL, et al. Cost-effectiveness of left atrial appendage closure with the WATCHMAN Device compared with warfarin or non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 2018;49:1464–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Anthony Gomes .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gomes, J.A. (2020). Novel Devices for Stroke Prevention. In: Heart Rhythm Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45066-3_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45066-3_34

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45065-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-45066-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics