Abstract
This chapter examines national responses to PCD agenda-setting by transnational policy entrepreneurs. The objective is to contribute to a better understanding of knowledge circulation activities across different levels of political decision-making and across different political structures. My comparative analysis illustrates the ways in which actors in France, the United Kingdom and Germany have presented their arguments along three common frames in the political discourse: the aspirational/integrated frame, the strategic/pragmatic frame and the sceptic/ignorant frame. National political actors adopting one of these three frames are seen as knowledge producers because they identify specific political problems and solutions. These national responses to PCD agenda-setting are both informed by and informing global decision-making in the context of the debates on a post-2015 development agenda.
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Notes
- 1.
As additional illustration, in Germany, scepticism about PCD has been explained by the need for clear departmental responsibility and a framing of PCD which is neither desirable nor applicable in practice, in particular in the context of international cooperation with fragile and conflict-affected states. In a speech on the tabling of the BMZ budget in the German Bundestag, September 2012, the German Development Minister Dirk Niebel stated: “We are now effectively cooperating with the Foreign Office (AA). There are no rivalries of the two departments anymore but Guido Westerwelle and I are working together on important projects. There is finally clarity regarding responsibilities for humanitarian assistance and we have enhanced the BMZ through greater presence in partner countries. […] Africa remains our regional priority […] We want to reduce poverty, mobilise people and enhance ownership and innovative capacity” (Niebel, 2012, own translation). This emphasizes rivalries across departments and the importance attributed to separate different tasks even though they are closely related.
In France, interviewees explained that, when they are setting up a joint project, they define the challenges and the criteria for evaluation together. For instance, in the case of a Sub-Saharan mission, two directories wrote the project together. There were meetings, debates, questions that were raised and all participants tried to develop a global approach. According to the interviewees, once the project had been defined, there were no problems. They facilitated the work within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in particular with the vice-director for multilateral and sectoral cooperation from the Directorate General for Globalisation. (Interviews French Government, 2013). Despite conceptual proximity between PCD and what the respondent called “approche globale”, interviewees insisted that they were not responsible for PCD issues. This illustrates ignorance and resistance to adopting a PCD approach.
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Zeigermann, U. (2020). National Responses to Global Agenda-Setting. In: Transnational Policy Entrepreneurs. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44893-6_6
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