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Security Rights in Intellectual Property in France

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Security Rights in Intellectual Property

Part of the book series: Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law ((GSCL,volume 45))

Abstract

This paper presents the French general law (i.e. ordinary law, droit commun) and specific law (droit spécial) for security rights in intellectual property. As a general rule, French law transposes European Union law. However, the French legal system has maintained a wide variety of devices to secure rights in intellectual property—the pledge of claims (nantissement de créances), fiducia security (fiducie-sûreté), assignment of claims (or assignment of credit-claims, cession de créances) are only the tip of the iceberg. While this variety of devices may seem complex, it has also provided decent legal certainty to users.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Art. 2355, para. 1 CC. Unless otherwise specified, all translations of extracts from the CC have been taken from the English translation of the Code Civil, as of July 1, 2013, translated by David W. Gruning, available at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Traductions/en-English/Legifrance-translations.

  2. 2.

    Art. 2355, para. 3 and 4 CC.

  3. 3.

    Art. 2367 CC.

  4. 4.

    Art. 2011 CC.

  5. 5.

    See Art. 2286 CC.

  6. 6.

    See Art. L. 614-14, para. 1 IPC.

  7. 7.

    Art. L. 132-34 IPC.

  8. 8.

    See Kamina (2014), no. 160 et seq.

  9. 9.

    Ordinance No. 2009-901 of July 24, 2009 pertaining to the legislative section of the Code du cinéma et de l’image animée, JORF No. 0170, July 25, 2009, Text No. 39.

  10. 10.

    Billiau (1998), p. 207.

  11. 11.

    See Kamina (2014), no. 153 and 171.

  12. 12.

    Art. 1336 CC. English translation taken from The Law of Contract, the General Regime of Obligations, and Proof of Obligations: The New Provisions of the Code civil Created by Ordonnance n° 2016-131 of February 10, 2016, translated into English by John Cartwright, Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson and Simon Whittaker.

  13. 13.

    Art. 1338 CC, ibid.

  14. 14.

    See the Court of Cassation’s Plenary Assembly of Feb. 17, 2012, no. 10-24.282: https://www.courdecassation.fr/jurisprudence_2/assemblee_pleniere_22/604_17_22333.html.

  15. 15.

    In this regard, see Decocq (1996), p. 1: “L’évaluation est une opération intellectuelle que doit opérer l’auteur d’un acte juridique consistant à calculer la valeur de la contre-prestation – bien échangé… – justifiant l’existence d’une dette – prix, droit des associés” (“Valuation is an intellectual activity that must be carried out by the author of a legal act. It consists of calculating the value of the consideration – the property exchanged, etc. – and justifies the existence of a debt – price, shareholders’ rights”).

  16. 16.

    On this subject, see Weinstein (1977), no. 167 et seq., and no. 302.

  17. 17.

    See Binctin (2015), no. 438 et seq.

  18. 18.

    See Binctin (2015), no. 441 et seq.

  19. 19.

    On dynamic valuation methods, see Binctin (2015), no. 449 et seq.

  20. 20.

    Art. 1323 CC.

  21. 21.

    Assignment of professional claims.

  22. 22.

    For applications of this technique in the film industry, see Kamina (2014), no. 153 and 171 and Quiquerez (2013), p. 39.

  23. 23.

    Art. 2336 CC.

  24. 24.

    Art. L. 714-1 IPC.

  25. 25.

    See Martial-Braz (2007), no. 118.

  26. 26.

    Art. 2018 CC.

  27. 27.

    Art. 2019 CC.

  28. 28.

    Art. 2337 CC.

  29. 29.

    Art. L. 132-34 IPC.

  30. 30.

    No English translation of this provision currently exists.

  31. 31.

    Art. 2018-2 CC.

  32. 32.

    Art. 2020 CC.

  33. 33.

    Art. L. 142-2, para. 1 Code de commerce. Citation taken from the English translation of the Code de commerce, as of July 1, 2013, translated by Martha Fillastre, Amma Kyeremeh, and Miriam Watchorn, available at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Traductions/en-English/Legifrance-translations. This text concerns conventional pledges, but judicial pledges are also possible. See. Art. L. 531-1 Code des procédures civiles d’exécution (Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures, henceforth CCEP): “A judicial security may be granted as a precautionary measure on buildings, business assets, shares, partnership shares and transferable securities.” This and all subsequent citations from the CCEP have been translated from the French (no English translation of this document currently exists).

  34. 34.

    In this sense, see Borga (2013), pp. 117 et seq., specifically no. 9, for a recent examination of contractual guarantees on intellectual property rights.

  35. 35.

    Borga (2013), ibid.

  36. 36.

    Borga (2013), ibid.

  37. 37.

    Art. 2346 CC.

  38. 38.

    Art. 2347 CC.

  39. 39.

    Art. 2347 CC.

  40. 40.

    Art. 2371 CC.

  41. 41.

    See, specifically, Henry et al. (2016), p. 6 of the report submitted to the AIPPI on June 3, 2016 on the subject of security rights concerning intellectual property rights http://aippi.org/committee/security-interests-over-intellectual-property/. Report authors: Guillaume Henry, Enrico Priori, Virginia De Freitas, Emmanuel Gouge, Romain Viret, Yves Bizollon, Charles Simon, Florence Jacquand, Caroline Levesque, Cécile Joubert, Jules Fabre, Jeanne Mercier, Alexandre Jacquet, Thomas Bouvet, Louis Jestaz and Agathe Caille. It should be noted that the terminology used in the AIPPI report differs from that used here. Where the report refers to ‘trust’ and ‘trustee’, we use the terms ‘fiducia’ and ‘fiduciary’ in order to be in line with the terminology used in the English translation of the Code Civil that is available on the French government’s official website Legifrance.gouv.fr.

  42. 42.

    See, specifically, Art. L.624-16 para. 2. Comm. Code.

  43. 43.

    Art. L.622-7, II, para.2 and L.641-3 Comm. Code.

  44. 44.

    Art. L.622-23-1 Comm. Code.

  45. 45.

    Art. 2012 CC.

  46. 46.

    http://www.greffe-tc-paris.fr/fr/privileges-et-nantissement/tarifs_privileges_nantissements.html.

  47. 47.

    https://www.inpi.fr/sites/default/files/quand_les_brevets_servent_a_lever_des_fonds_en_france_1.pdf.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France

    Michel Séjean

  2. Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France

    Nicolas Binctin

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  1. Michel Séjean
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  1. Faculty of Law, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Eva-Maria Kieninger

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Séjean, M., Binctin, N. (2020). Security Rights in Intellectual Property in France. In: Kieninger, EM. (eds) Security Rights in Intellectual Property. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 45. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44191-3_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44191-3_14

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