Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I pp 155–177Cite as

Characteristics of Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 300))

Abstract

Graphene, the thinnest two-dimensional material, is extensively explored by interdisciplinary fields of research communities due to the excellent electronic, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the structure, synthesis, properties and applications of graphene/reduced graphene oxide. Graphene, the one atomic thick layer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb lattice, is the building block of all carbon materials such as graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. It can be synthesized by different techniques such as micromechanical cleavage, exfoliation and chemical vapour deposition. It has also been commonly synthesized from the reduction in graphene oxide. The reduction of graphene oxide again is also carried out either by using hazardous chemicals or by green approach. This chapter also discusses the properties of graphene/reduced graphene oxide, which makes them a potential material in diverse applications. The potential fields of applications of graphene/reduced graphene oxide include medicine, electronics, energy devices , sensors, environmental and many more.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. A.K. Geim, K.S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 6, 183 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S.P. Lonkar, Y.S. Deshmukh, A.A. Abdala, Nano Res. 8, 1039 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Banerjee, P. Benjwal, M. Singh, K.K. Kar, Appl. Surf. Sci. 439, 560 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Kumar, E.T. da Silva, R.K. Singh, R. Savu, A.V. Alaferdov, L.C. Fonseca, L.C. Carossi, A. Singh, S. Khandka, K.K. Kar, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 515, 160 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A.A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, C.N. Lau, Nano Lett. 8, 902 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Cai, Y. Zhu, X. Li, R.D. Piner, R.S. Ruoff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 123115 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Lee, X. Wei, J.W. Kysar, J. Hone, Science 321, 385 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. X. Li, Y. Zhu, W. Cai, M. Borysiak, B. Han, D. Chen, R.D. Piner, L. Colombo, R.S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. 9, 4359 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. O. Pierson, Handbook of carbon, graphite, diamonds and fullerenes: Processing, properties and applications (William Andrew, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. A.C. Neto, F. Guinea, N.M. Peres, K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. K. S. Novoselov, A. H. Castro Neto, Phys. Scr. 2012, 014006 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, A.A. Firsov, Science 306, 666 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Ciesielski, P. Samorì, Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 381 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Acik, Y.J. Chaba, J. Mater. Sci. Res. 2, 101 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. https://www.princeton.edu/~cml/html/research/TEGO.html. Accessed 10 January 2019

  16. Y. Zhu, M.D. Stoller, W. Cai, A. Velamakanni, R.D. Piner, D. Chen, R.S. Ruoff, ACS Nano 4, 1227 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S.Y. Oh, S.H. Kim, Y.S. Chi, T.J. Kang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 8837 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. W. Choi, I. Lahiri, R. Seelaboyina, Y.S. Kang, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 35, 52 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. http://majalah1000guru.net/2013/05/carbon-nanotubes-material-cerdas/. Accessed 10 January 2019

  20. M. Batzill, Surf. Sci. Rep. 67, 83 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Medina, Y.C. Lin, C. Jin, C.C. Lu, C.H. Yeh, K.P. Huang, K. Suenaga, J. Robertson, P.W. Chiu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 2123 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H.J. Song, M. Son, C. Park, H. Lim, M.P. Levendorf, A.W. Tsen, J. Park, H.C. Choi, Nanoscale 4, 3050 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Takami, S. Ogawa, H. Sumi, T. Kaga, A. Saikubo, E. Ikenaga, M. Sato, M. Nihei, Y. Takakuwa, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol. 7, 882 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Wang, X. Xu, J. Lu, M. Lin, Q. Bao, B. Ozyilmaz, K.P. Loh, ACS Nano 4, 6146 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Kim, W. Song, S. Lee, C. Jeon, W. Jung, M. Kim, C.-Y. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 263106 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R.S. Edwards, K.S. Coleman, Acc. Chem. Res. 46, 23 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Gomez De Arco, Y. Zhang, C.W. Schlenker, K. Ryu, M.E. Thompson, C. Zhou, ACS Nano 4, 2865 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M.S. Dresselhaus, J. Kong, Nano Lett. 9, 30 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Y. Zhang, L. Gomez, F.N. Ishikawa, A. Madaria, K. Ryu, C. Wang, A. Badmaev, C. Zhou, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 3101 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Thiele, A. Reina, P. Healey, J. Kedzierski, P. Wyatt, P.-L. Hsu, C. Keast, J. Schaefer, J. Kong, Nanotechnol. 21, 015601 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.J. Chae, F. Güneş, K.K. Kim, E.S. Kim, G.H. Han, S.M. Kim, H.J. Shin, S.M. Yoon, J.Y. Choi, M.H. Park, Adv. Mater. 21, 2328 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J.M. Garcia, R. He, M.P. Jiang, P. Kim, L.N. Pfeiffer, A. Pinczuk, Carbon 49, 1006 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Zheng, K. Takei, B. Hsia, H. Fang, X. Zhang, N. Ferralis, H. Ko, Y.-L. Chueh, Y. Zhang, R. Maboudian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 063110 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Yan, Z. Peng, Z. Sun, J. Yao, Y. Zhu, Z. Liu, P.M. Ajayan, J.M. Tour, ACS Nano 5, 8187 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H.J. Shin, W.M. Choi, S.M. Yoon, G.H. Han, Y.S. Woo, E.S. Kim, S.J. Chae, X.S. Li, A. Benayad, D.D. Loc, Adv. Mater. 23, 4392 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Umair, H. Raza, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7, 437 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Y. Bando, Y. Takahashi, E. Ueta, N. Todoroki, T. Wadayama, J. Electrochem. Soc. 162, F463 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. J. Hamilton, J. Blakely, Surf. Sci. 91, 199 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Sutter, J.T. Sadowski, E. Sutter, Phys. Rev. B 80, 245411 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S.-Y. Kwon, C.V. Ciobanu, V. Petrova, V.B. Shenoy, J. Bareno, V. Gambin, I. Petrov, S. Kodambaka, Nano Lett. 9, 3985 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. P.W. Sutter, J.-I. Flege, E.A. Sutter, Nat. Mater. 7, 406 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. Coraux, M. Engler, C. Busse, D. Wall, N. Buckanie, F.-J. M. Zu Heringdorf, R. Van Gastel, B. Poelsema, T. Michely, New J. Phys. 11, 023006 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Z.-Y. Juang, C.-Y. Wu, A.-Y. Lu, C.-Y. Su, K.-C. Leou, F.-R. Chen, C.-H. Tsai, Carbon 48, 3169 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. H.J. Park, J. Meyer, S. Roth, V. Skákalová, Carbon 48, 1088 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. X. Li, L. Colombo, R.S. Ruoff, Adv. Mater. 28, 6247 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. O. Carneiro, M. Kim, J. Yim, N. Rodriguez, R. Baker, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 4237 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. L. Constant, C. Speisser, F. Le Normand, Surf. Sci. 387, 28 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. L. Ding, A. Tselev, J. Wang, D. Yuan, H. Chu, T.P. McNicholas, Y. Li, J. Liu, Nano Lett. 9, 800 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. W. Zhou, Z. Han, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Jin, X. Sun, Y. Zhang, C. Yan, Y. Li, Nano Lett. 6, 2987 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. C. Jia, J. Jiang, L. Gan, X. Guo, Sci. Rep. 2, 707 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S. Bae, H. Kim, Y. Lee, X. Xu, J.-S. Park, Y. Zheng, J. Balakrishnan, T. Lei, H.R. Kim, Y.I. Song, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 574 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Aliofkhazraei, N. Ali, W. I. Milne, C. S. Ozkan, S. Mitura, J. L. Gervasoni, Graphene science handbook: Fabrication methods (CRC Press, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  53. D. Lee, L. De Los Santos V, J. Seo, L. L. Felix, A. Bustamante D, J. Cole, C. Barnes, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 5723 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  54. O.C. Compton, S.T. Nguyen, Small 6, 711 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. H. Li, C. Bubeck, Macromol. Research 21, 290 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. S. Park, R.S. Ruoff, Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 217 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. H.J. Shin, K.K. Kim, A. Benayad, S.M. Yoon, H.K. Park, I.S. Jung, M.H. Jin, H.K. Jeong, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Choi, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 1987 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. I.K. Moon, J. Lee, R.S. Ruoff, H. Lee, Nat. Commun. 1, 73 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. C. Li, L. Li, L. Sun, Z. Pei, J. Xie, S. Zhang, Carbon 89, 74 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. P. Labhane, L. Patle, V. Huse, G. Sonawane, S. Sonawane, Chem. Phys. Lett. 661, 13 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Y. Hong, Z. Wang, X. Jin, Sci. Rep. 3, 3439 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. C. Liu, G. Han, Y. Chang, Y. Xiao, Y. Li, M. Li, H. Zhou, Chin. J. Chem. 34, 89 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Z.-T. Hu, J. Liu, X. Yan, W.-D. Oh, T.-T. Lim, Chem. Eng. J. 262, 1022 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. C. Liu, F. Hao, X. Zhao, Q. Zhao, S. Luo, H. Lin, Sci. Rep. 4, 3965 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Aunkor, I. Mahbubul, R. Saidur, H. Metselaar, Rsc Adv. 6, 27807 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. P. Chamoli, M.K. Das, K.K. Kar, Curr. Graphene Sci. 1, 000 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. P. Chamoli, M.K. Das, K.K. Kar, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 113, 17 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. L.J. Cote, R. Cruz-Silva, J. Huang, JACS 131, 11027 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. E.E. Ghadim, N. Rashidi, S. Kimiagar, O. Akhavan, F. Manouchehri, E. Ghaderi, Appl. Surf. Sci. 301, 183 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Y. Zhou, Q. Bao, L.A.L. Tang, Y. Zhong, K.P. Loh, Chem. Mater. 21, 2950 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. K. Ai, Y. Liu, L. Lu, X. Cheng, L. Huo, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 3365 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. C. Xu, X. Wang, J. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 19841 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. O. Akhavan, E. Ghaderi, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 20214 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. M. Fernández-Merino, L. Guardia, J. Paredes, S. Villar-Rodil, P. Solís-Fernández, A. Martínez-Alonso, J. Tascón, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 6426 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. C. Zhu, S. Guo, Y. Fang, S. Dong, ACS Nano 4, 2429 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. O. Akhavan, E. Ghaderi, S. Aghayee, Y. Fereydooni, A. Talebi, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 13773 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. Liu, S. Fu, B. Yuan, Y. Li, Z. Deng, JACS 132, 7279 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. A. Esfandiar, O. Akhavan, A. Irajizad, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 10907 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. O. Akhavan, M. Kalaee, Z. Alavi, S. Ghiasi, A. Esfandiar, Carbon 50, 3015 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. O. Akhavan, E. Ghaderi, E. Abouei, S. Hatamie, E. Ghasemi, Carbon 66, 395 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. S. Hatamie, O. Akhavan, S.K. Sadrnezhaad, M.M. Ahadian, M.M. Shirolkar, H.Q. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng., C 55, 482 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. O. Akhavan, E. Ghaderi, Carbon 50, 1853 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. O. Akhavan, Carbon 81, 158 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. P. Chamoli, M.K. Das, K.K. Kar, J. Appl. Phys. 122, 185105 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. P. Phillips, Ann. Phys. 321, 1634 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. P.R. Wallace, Phys. Rev. 71, 622 (1947)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, A. Ferrari, Nat. Photonics 4, 611 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. P. Avouris, Nano Lett. 10, 4285 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Y.-W. Tan, Y. Zhang, K. Bolotin, Y. Zhao, S. Adam, E. Hwang, S.D. Sarma, H. Stormer, P. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 246803 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. K.I. Bolotin, K. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, H. Stormer, Solid State Commun. 146, 351 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Y. Zhang, Y.-W. Tan, H.L. Stormer, P. Kim, Nature 438, 201 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. R.R. Nair, P. Blake, A.N. Grigorenko, K.S. Novoselov, T.J. Booth, T. Stauber, N.M. Peres, A.K. Geim, Science 320, 1308 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, Y.R. Shen, Science 320, 206 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. P.A. George, J. Strait, J. Dawlaty, S. Shivaraman, M. Chandrashekhar, F. Rana, M.G. Spencer, Nano Lett. 8, 4248 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. F. Rana, P.A. George, J.H. Strait, J. Dawlaty, S. Shivaraman, M. Chandrashekhar, M.G. Spencer, Phys. Rev. B 79, 115447 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y.-M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, P. Avouris, Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 839 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. A.A. Balandin, Nat. Mater. 10, 569 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. D.G. Papageorgiou, I.A. Kinloch, R.J. Young, Carbon 95, 460 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. E. Pop, V. Varshney, A.K. Roy, MRS Bull. 37, 1273 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. C. Yu, L. Shi, Z. Yao, D. Li, A. Majumdar, Nano Lett. 5, 1842 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. S. Berber, Y.-K. Kwon, D. Tománek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4613 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. S. Ghosh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 151911 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. I.-K. Hsu, M.T. Pettes, A. Bushmaker, M. Aykol, L. Shi, S.B. Cronin, Nano Lett. 9, 590 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. I. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, A. M. van der Zande, P. L. McEuen, J. Vacuum Sci. & Technol. B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 25, 2558 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  105. K.N. Kudin, G.E. Scuseria, B.I. Yakobson, Phys. Rev. B 64, 235406 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. C. Reddy, S. Rajendran, K. Liew, Nanotechnol. 17, 864 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. G. Van Lier, C. Van Alsenoy, V. Van Doren, P. Geerlings, Chem. Phys. Lett. 326, 181 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. M. Poot, H.S. van der Zant, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 063111 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. C. Gómez-Navarro, M. Burghard, K. Kern, Nano Lett. 8, 2045 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. D.A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E.J. Zimney, R.D. Piner, G.H. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S.T. Nguyen, R.S. Ruoff, Nature 448, 457 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. S. Park, D.A. Dikin, S.T. Nguyen, R.S. Ruoff, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 15801 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. S. Park, K.-S. Lee, G. Bozoklu, W. Cai, S.T. Nguyen, R.S. Ruoff, ACS Nano 2, 572 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. R.J. Nicholl, H.J. Conley, N.V. Lavrik, I. Vlassiouk, Y.S. Puzyrev, V.P. Sreenivas, S.T. Pantelides, K.I. Bolotin, Nat. Commun. 6, 8789 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. D.G. Papageorgiou, I.A. Kinloch, R.J. Young, Prog. Mater Sci. 90, 75 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. A. Zandiatashbar, G.-H. Lee, S.J. An, S. Lee, N. Mathew, M. Terrones, T. Hayashi, C.R. Picu, J. Hone, N. Koratkar, Nat. Commun. 5, 3186 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. H. Qin, Y. Sun, J.Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Carbon 108, 204 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. P. Zhang, L. Ma, F. Fan, Z. Zeng, C. Peng, P.E. Loya, Z. Liu, Y. Gong, J. Zhang, X. Zhang, Nat. Commun. 5, 3782 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. P. Chamoli, M.K. Das, K.K. Kar, Mater. Res. Exp. 4, 015012 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. P. Chamoli, S.K. Singh, M. Akhtar, M.K. Das, K.K. Kar, Physica E: Low-dimensional Syst. Nanostruct. 103, 25 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. J. Dai, J. Yuan, P. Giannozzi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232105 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. L. Panchakarla, K. Subrahmanyam, S. Saha, A. Govindaraj, H. Krishnamurthy, U. Waghmare, C. Rao, Adv. Mater. 21, 4726 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. X. Wang, X. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Yoon, P.K. Weber, H. Wang, J. Guo, H. Dai, Science 324, 768 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Y. Zou, F. Li, Z. Zhu, M. Zhao, X. Xu, X. Su, Eur. Phys. J. B 81, 475 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. T. Cui, R. Lv, Z.-H. Huang, H. Zhu, J. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Jia, F. Kang, K. Wang, D. Wu, Carbon 49, 5022 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. R. Lv, T. Cui, M.S. Jun, Q. Zhang, A. Cao, D.S. Su, Z. Zhang, S.H. Yoon, J. Miyawaki, I. Mochida, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 999 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. L. Qu, Y. Liu, J.-B. Baek, L. Dai, ACS Nano 4, 1321 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. J. Carrero-Sanchez, A. Elias, R. Mancilla, G. Arrellin, H. Terrones, J. Laclette, M. Terrones, Nano Lett. 6, 1609 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. A.L. Elías, J.C. Carrero-Sánchez, H. Terrones, M. Endo, J.P. Laclette, M. Terrones, Small 3, 1723 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Y. Wang, Y. Shao, D.W. Matson, J. Li, Y. Lin, ACS Nano 4, 1790 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. R. Lv, Q. Li, A.R. Botello-Méndez, T. Hayashi, B. Wang, A. Berkdemir, Q. Hao, A.L. Elías, R. Cruz-Silva, H.R. Gutiérrez, Sci. Rep. 2, 586 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Z.-H. Sheng, H.-L. Gao, W.-J. Bao, F.-B. Wang, X.-H. Xia, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 390 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. J. Wang, R. Ma, Z. Zhou, G. Liu, Q. Liu, Sci. Rep. 5, 9304 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Y. Zhu, S. Murali, W. Cai, X. Li, J.W. Suk, J.R. Potts, R.S. Ruoff, Adv. Mater. 22, 3906 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. B. H. Nguyen, V. H. Nguyen, Adv. Natural Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7, 023002 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  135. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. Katsnelson, I. Grigorieva, S. Dubonos, A.A. Firsov, Nature 438, 197 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. N. Mohanty, V. Berry, Nano Lett. 8, 4469 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Y. Ohno, K. Maehashi, Y. Yamashiro, K. Matsumoto, Nano Lett. 9, 3318 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. S.K. Singh, P. Azad, M. Akhtar, K.K. Kar, Mater. Res. Exp. 4, 086301 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. L. Tang, Y. Wang, Y. Li, H. Feng, J. Lu, J. Li, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 2782 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. B.Z. Jang, A. Zhamu, J. Mater. Sci. 43, 5092 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. K. K. Kar, Composite materials: processing, applications, characterizations (Springer, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  142. K. K. Kar, S. Rana, J. Pandey, Handbook of polymer nanocomposites processing, performance and application (Springer, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  143. K. K. Kar, A. Hodzic, Carbon nanotube based nanocomposites: recent developments (Research Publishing Services, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  144. M. Fang, K. Wang, H. Lu, Y. Yang, S. Nutt, J. Mater. Chem. 19, 7098 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. S. Ganguli, A.K. Roy, D.P. Anderson, Carbon 46, 806 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. K. Kalaitzidou, H. Fukushima, L.T. Drzal, Compos. Sci. Technol. 67, 2045 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. T. Ramanathan, A. Abdala, S. Stankovich, D. Dikin, M. Herrera-Alonso, R. Piner, D. Adamson, H. Schniepp, X. Chen, R. Ruoff, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 327 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Department of Science and Technology, India (DST/TMD/MES/2K16/37(G)), for carrying out this research work. Authors are thankful to Ms Tanvi Pal for drafting a figure.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Pankaj Chamoli & K. K. Raina

  2. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Pankaj Chamoli, Soma Banerjee & Kamal K. Kar

  3. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Material Science Programme and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Kamal K. Kar

Authors
  1. Pankaj Chamoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Soma Banerjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. K. Raina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kamal K. Kar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamal K. Kar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Kamal K. Kar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chamoli, P., Banerjee, S., Raina, K.K., Kar, K.K. (2020). Characteristics of Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide. In: Kar, K. (eds) Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 300. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43009-2_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation