Abstract
When humans have built large technical devices like bridges, ships, buildings, embankment dams, airplanes, space planes, reactors for chemical purposes, hydraulic engines (pumps, compressors, turbines) etc. there was a need to fabricate geometrically similar models of these devices in order to investigate and test their physical behavior in ground based test facilities. The main question from the physical point of view in this regard is under what conditions are the experimental test results, received with geometrically similar models in test facilities, transferable to the situation of the original devices? We define the three similarity rules, which must be kept for a suitable testing of the physics of originals in test facilities, [1, 2].
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Notes
- 1.
These are for example inertial, gravitational, friction and pressure forces.
- 2.
The relation for the density is given by \(\rho _1/\rho _2 = \alpha _3/\alpha _1^3\).
- 3.
Good examples are the parameter \(\rho \cdot L\), which comes into play for hypersonic flows with non-equilibrium real gas effects (binary scaling parameter), and also the rarefaction parameter \(\bar{V}= M/\sqrt{Re \cdot L}\), characterising the separation length of concave flow situations (e.g.: deflected aerodynamic control surfaces) in high enthalpy flows, [4, 5].
- 4.
Cold means that the freestream total temperature or enthalpy is much lower than the one the vehicle encounters during real flight.
- 5.
German Aerospace Establishment.
- 6.
Office National D’Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, France.
- 7.
Generation of hot surfaces during re-entry flight of space vehicles.
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Weiland, C. (2020). Model Test Entity. In: Mechanics of Flow Similarities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42930-0_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42930-0_8
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