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Islam and Democracy in South Asia: An Introduction

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Abstract

Locating on a broader South Asian context, this opening chapter focuses on the background information, literature review, research questions, objectives and significance, and methodology of the study. Sociologists earlier predicted that religion would gradually fade in importance and cease to be significant with the advent of modernization and industrialization in society. However, this prediction has been proven wrong; religion has emerged as a powerful force in the sociopolitical and cultural landscapes of the modern nation-states, particularly of the Muslim countries including Bangladesh. The role of religion in politics, especially the relationship between Islam and democracy, has been a topic of serious discussion among the scholars of political Islam or Islamism over the years. This debate has been further advanced due to the emergence of violent Islamist groups in recent years throughout various parts of the Muslim world. Bangladesh, an overwhelmingly Muslim-majority country, has also witnessed a powerful resurgence of Islamism and an emergence of Islamist militancy and terrorism. In this context, the critical study of the intersection and interplay of Islam, Islamism, and democracy in a secular Muslim country like Bangladesh takes on renewed significance.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Harriet Sherwood, “More Than 20% of Countries Have Official State Religions—Survey.” The Guardian, 3 October 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/03/more-than-20-percent-countries-have-official-state-religions-pew-survey (accessed 10 October 2017).

  2. 2.

    See, for example, Roy (1994, 2004), Tibi (1990), Esposito and Voll (1996), Esposito (1991), Fish (2002), Wright (1992, 1996), Esposito and Piscatori (1991), Lewis (1996), Ghannouchi (1998), Nadwi (1966), Mawdudi (1976), and al-Turabi (1983).

  3. 3.

    The term “Islamism” is simply referred to as the amalgamation of politics with Islam as a religion. Islamism is also used as a synonym of “political Islam.” The term is used and understood by scholars in a varied manner. See the detailed discussion of political Islam or Islamism in Chapter 6.

  4. 4.

    Islamization is a process by which a society is organized in accordance with the doctrinal philosophy of Islam. Islamization carried out by the Islamist political parties is included, in this volume, Islamism or political Islam. Both secular political parties and groups and non-secular/socio-religious and cultural organizations can promote Islamization of a society. For Islamization in Bangladesh, see detailed discussion in Chapter 7.

  5. 5.

    Scholars who have also worked on Islam, politics, and democracy in Bangladesh include Ahmed (1991, 1995), Maniruzzaman (1980), Ahamed (1983), Ahmed (2004), Hakim (1993, 1998), Jahan (1980), Huque and Akhter (1987), Ghosh (1993), Ziring (1992), Murshid (1995), Zafarullah (1996, 2003), Hashmi (2000), Shehabuddin (2008), Salehin (2013), and Griffiths and Hasan (2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Political Studies, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

    Md Nazrul Islam

  2. Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong, Singapore

    Md Saidul Islam

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Islam, M.N., Islam, M.S. (2020). Islam and Democracy in South Asia: An Introduction. In: Islam and Democracy in South Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42909-6_1

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