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Retinoic Acid Signaling and Development of the Respiratory System

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The Biochemistry of Retinoid Signaling III

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 95))

Abstract

Retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (VA), has long been recognized as a critical regulator of the development of the respiratory system. During embryogenesis, RA signaling is involved in the development of the trachea, airways, lung, and diaphragm. During postnatal life, RA continues to impact respiratory health. Disruption of RA activity during embryonic development produces dramatic phenotypes in animal models and human diseases, including tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and lung agenesis or hypoplasia. Several experimental methods have been used to target RA pathways during the formation of the embryonic lung. These have been performed in different animal models using gain- and loss-of-function strategies and dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic approaches that deplete retinoid stores or disrupt retinoid signaling. Experiments utilizing these methods have led to a deeper understanding of RA’s role as an important signaling molecule that influences all stages of lung development. Current research is uncovering RA cross talk interactions with other embryonic signaling factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, WNT, and transforming growth factor-beta.

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Abbreviations

ACTA2:

Alpha-actin-2 or alpha smooth muscle actin

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ASM:

Airway smooth muscle

BMP4:

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

BMS493:

A pan-retinoic acid receptor inverse agonist

CDH:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DEAB:

Diethylaminobenzaldehyde

DKK1:

Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1

E:

Embryonic day

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GLI:

GLI-Kruppel family member

HH:

Hedgehog

MYH11:

Myosin heavy chain 11

MYOCD:

Myocardin

n.d.:

Not determined

NKX2.1:

NK2 homeobox 1

p.c.:

Post coitum

PH:

Pulmonary hypertension

PN:

Postnatal day

RA:

Retinoic acid

RAD:

Retinoic acid deficiency or retinoic acid-deficient

RALDH:

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase

RAR:

Retinoic acid receptor

RARE:

Retinoic acid response element

SHH:

Sonic hedgehog

SRF:

Serum response factor

STRA6:

Stimulated by retinoic acid 6

TAGLN:

Transgelin

TEF:

Tracheoesophageal fistula

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor-beta

VA:

Vitamin A

VAD:

Vitamin A deficiency or vitamin A-deficient

WNT:

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family

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  1. Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, R-30402118, USA

    Hector A. Marquez & Felicia Chen

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  1. Hector A. Marquez
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  2. Felicia Chen
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Correspondence to Felicia Chen .

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  1. Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA

    Mary Ann Asson-Batres

  2. Département of Functional Génomics and Cancer, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France

    Cecile Rochette-Egly

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Marquez, H.A., Chen, F. (2020). Retinoic Acid Signaling and Development of the Respiratory System. In: Asson-Batres, M., Rochette-Egly, C. (eds) The Biochemistry of Retinoid Signaling III. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 95. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42282-0_6

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