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The Rubber Tree Genome pp 67–79Cite as

Development of Molecular Markers in Hevea brasiliensis for Marker-Assisted Breeding

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Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

The para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a major producer of high-quality natural rubber, accounting for more than 98% of the total production worldwide. Conventional breeding through recurrent selection has been used to obtain high-yielding clones in the past several decades. Although traditional breeding based on phenotypic selection has been effective, it is very laborious and time-consuming. The use of molecular markers in the rubber tree began in the 1980s, with isozymes being the first set of genetic markers developed followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the more commonly adopted simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. At the turn of the millennium, the first genetic linkage map for the rubber tree was constructed based on anonymous markers such as RFLP and AFLP. In the past decade, several linkage maps have been reported, most of which were based on SSR or microsatellite markers. More recently, researchers have shifted from SSR markers to direct analyses of sequence variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Even though SNPs are generally less polymorphic than multi-allelic SSRs, their ubiquity in eukaryotic genomes makes them valuable for clone identification and marker-trait association analyses. Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated initial efforts in large-scale SNP discovery for genetic map construction in the rubber tree, leading to the first reports of SNP-based linkage maps in 2015. Since then, several high-density maps have been generated in order to identify markers and QTLs associated with traits of interest such as growth and latex yield. As the cost of SNP genotyping becomes more affordable, breeders can take full advantage of marker-assisted selection to expedite the development of elite rubber tree clones with multiple desirable agronomic traits.

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  1. National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Science Park, Thailand, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Khlong Nueng, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Wirulda Pootakham, Jeremy R. Shearman & Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang

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  1. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Minami Matsui

  2. Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Keng-See Chow

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Pootakham, W., Shearman, J.R., Tangphatsornruang, S. (2020). Development of Molecular Markers in Hevea brasiliensis for Marker-Assisted Breeding. In: Matsui, M., Chow, KS. (eds) The Rubber Tree Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42258-5_5

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