Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Advances in Eco-city Planning and Development: Emerging Practices and Strategies for Integrating the Goals of Sustainability

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in the Leading Paradigms of Urbanism and their Amalgamation

Part of the book series: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation ((ASTI))

Abstract

Sustainable urbanism is seen today as one of the keys toward unlocking the quest for a sustainable society. As a central paradigm of sustainable urbanism, the eco-city is promoted by global and local policies as one of the preferred responses to the challenges of sustainable development. It is argued that the eco-city strategies are expected to deliver positive outcomes in terms of providing healthy and livable human environments in conjunction with minimal demand on resources and thus minimal environmental impacts. As such, it is pertinent to examine how the eco-city model and especially its three sustainability dimensions are practiced and justified in urban planning and development at the local level which is motivated by the increased interest in developing sustainable urban districts. In this light, this chapter seeks to answer these two questions: What are the key strategies of the eco-city district model, and in what ways do they mutually complement one another in terms of producing the expected benefits of sustainability? To what extent does the eco-city district model support and contribute to the environmental, economic, and social goals of sustainability? To illuminate the phenomenon of the eco-city district accordingly, a descriptive case study is adopted as a qualitative research methodology where the empirical basis is mainly formed by urban planning and development documents in two Swedish eco-city districts: Royal Seaport, Stockholm, and Western Harbor, Malmö, in combination with qualitative interview data, secondary data, and scientific literature. This study shows that the eco-city district models of Royal Seaport and Western Harbor involve mainly design and technology, supported by behavioral change, as key strategies and solutions for achieving urban sustainability. Design encompasses greening, passive solar houses, sustainable transportation, mixed land use, and diversity. And technology comprises green technologies, energy-efficiency technologies, and waste management systems. Design contributes to the three goals of sustainability, and technology contributes mostly to the environmental and economic goals of sustainability. Behavioral change is associated with sustainable travel, waste separation, and energy consumption. Further, this study demonstrates that while the environmental, economic, and social goals of sustainability are represented in eco-city district strategies on a discursive level, institutionalized planning practices show that the environmental goals remain at the core of planning and the economic and social goals still play second fiddle. Nevertheless, new measures have recently been implemented in Western Harbor that are expected to strengthen their influence over urban development practices. Whereas, the Royal Seaport program mainly focuses on the environmental and some economic aspects, which is a shortcoming that should be recognized and dealt with.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akande, A., Gomes, P., & Cabral, P. (2018). The Lisbon ranking for smart sustainable cities in Europe. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44(2019), 475–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Nuaimi, E., Al Neyadi, H., Nader, M., & Al-Jaroodi, J. (2015). Applications of big data to smart cities. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 6(25), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelidou, M., Artemis, P., Nicos, K., Christina, K., Tsarchopoulos, P., & Anastasia, P. (2017). Enhancing sustainable urban development through smart city applications. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbury, J. (2005). From urban sprawl to compact city—An analysis of urban growth management in Auckland (p. 175). Retrieved from http://portal.jarbury.net/thesis.pdf.

  • Austin, G. (2013). Case study and sustainability assessment of Bo01, Malmo, Sweden. Journal of Green Building: Summer, 8(3), 34–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldersheim, H., & Ståhlberg, K. (2002). From guided democracy to multilevel governance: Trends in central-local relations in the Nordic countries. Local Government Studies, 28(3), 74–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., et al. (2012). Smart cities of the future. European Physical Journal, 214, 481–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettencourt, L. M. A. (2014). The uses of big data in cities. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Santa Fe Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2018a). Smart sustainable cities of the future: The untapped potential of big data analytics and context aware computing for advancing sustainability. Germany, Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2018b). The IoT for smart sustainable cities of the future: An analytical framework for sensor-based big data applications for environmental sustainability. Sustainable Cities and Society, 38, 230–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2018c). A foundational framework for smart sustainable city development: Theoretical, disciplinary, and discursive dimensions and their synergies. Sustainable Cities and Society, 38, 758–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2019a). Big data science and analytics for smart sustainable urbanism: Unprecedented paradigmatic shifts and practical advancements. Germany, Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2019b). The anatomy of the data-driven smart sustainable city: Instrumentation, datafication, computerization and related applications. Journal of Big Data, 6, 59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2019c). The sciences underlying smart sustainable urbanism: Unprecedented paradigmatic and scholarly shifts in light of big data science and analytics. Smart Cities, 2(2), 179–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2019d). Data-driven smart sustainable urbanism: The intertwined societal factors underlying its materialization. Success, Expansion, and Evolution Geojournal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10061-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2019e). Advances in smart sustainable urbanism: Data-driven and data-intensive scientific approaches to wicked problems. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Smart City Applications, ACM, Oct 2–4, Casablanca, Morocco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E. (2019f). On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: An interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review. Journal of Big Data, 6(25), 2–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2016). On the social shaping dimensions of smart sustainable cities: A study in science, technology, and society. Sustainable Cities and Society, 29, 219–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017a). Smart sustainable cities of the future: An extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 31, 183–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017b). ICT of the new wave of computing for sustainable urban forms: Their big data and context-aware augmented typologies and design concepts. Sustainable Cities and Society, 32, 449–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017c). ‘The core enabling technologies of big data analytics and context–aware computing for smart sustainable cities: A Review and synthesis’, Journal of Big Data, 4(38), 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2018). The big data deluge for transforming the knowledge of smart sustainable cities: A data mining framework for urban analytics. In Proceedings of the 3d Annual International Conference on Smart City Applications, ACM, Oct 11–12, Tetouan, Morocco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2019a). A scholarly backcasting approach to a novel model for smart sustainable cities of the future: Strategic problem orientation city. Territory and Architecture, 6(3), 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2019b). Generating a vision for smart sustainable cities of the future: A scholarly backcasting approach. European Journal of Futures Research, 7(5), 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020b). The emerging data-driven smart city and its innovative applied solutions for sustainability: The cases of London and Barcelona. Journal of Energy Informatics (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., Krogstie, J., & Gouttaya, N. (2020). Big data science and analytics for tackling smart sustainable urbanism complexities. In M. Ben Ahmed, A. Boudhir, D. Santos, M. El Aroussi, İ. Karas (Eds.), Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Edition 3. SCA 2019. Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure. Springer, Cham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri, S. E., Krogstie, J., & Kärrholm, M. (2020). Compact city planning and development: Emerging practices and strategies for sustainable developement goals, developments in built environment (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boonstra, C. (2000). Sustainable housing: The dutch experience. In B., Edwards and D., Turrent (Ed.), Sustainable housing: Principles and practice. 66–71. Loon: E & FN Spon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, K., Gunnarsson-Östling, U., & Isaksson, I. (2008). Exploring environmental justice in Sweden—How to improve planning for environmental sustainability and social equity in an ‘eco-friendly’ context”. Projections – MIT Journal of Planning, 8, 68–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breheny, M. (Ed.). (1992). Sustainable development and urban form. London: Pion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breheny, M. J. (1997). Urban compaction: Feasible and acceptable? Cities, 14(4), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(97)00005-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulkeley, H., & Betsill, M. (2005). Rethinking sustainable cities: Multilevel governance and the “urban” politics of climate change. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 42–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, E. (2000). The compact city: just or just compact? A preliminary analysis. Urban Studies, 37(11), 1969–1920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, E. (2001). The compact city and social justice. Paper Presented to the Housing Studies Association Spring Conference, Housing, Environment and Sustainability, University of York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, E. (2002). Measuring urban compactness in UK towns and cities. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29, 219–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (1993). The European urban charter—Standing conference of local and regional authorities of Europe. Retrieved from http://www.coe.int/T/E/Clrae/.

  • Cowley, R. (2016). Science fiction and the smart eco-city. In The Society for the History of Technology Annual Meeting 2016, Singapore, 22–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark, P., Vicki, L., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(2), 236–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cugurullo, F. (2016). Exposing smart cities and eco-cities: Frankenstein urbanism and the sustainability challenges of the experimental city. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 50(1), 73–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2002). Natural environments—Healthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health. Environment and Planning A, 35, 1717–1731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, N. (2010). Revisiting the compact city? Built Environment, 36(1), 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek, J. S. (2005). The politics of the Earth. Environmental discourses (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, B., & Turrent, D. (2000). Sustainable housing: Principles and practice. London: E & FN Spon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engwicht, D. (1992). Towards an eco-city: Calming the traffic. Sydney, Australia: Envirobook.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission-Expert Group on the Urban Environment. (1994, October). European sustainable cities report. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Green Capital. (2009). The expert panel’s evaluation work final recommendations for the European Green Capital Award of 2010 and 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, G., & Foord, J. (2007). The generation of diversity: mixed use and urban sustainability. In K. Thwaites, S. Porta, & O. Romice (Eds.), Urban sustainability through environmental design. Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farr, D. (2008). Sustainable urbanism. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (1998). Rationality and power: Democracy in practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 301–316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foletta, N., & Field, S. (2011). Europe’s vibrant new low car(bon) communities. New York: Institute for Transportation & Development Policy. Retrieved from http://www.itdp.org/documents/092211_ITDP_NED_Desktop_Print.pdf.

  • Fortum. (2012). Fortum to Invest in a New Biofuelled Combined Heat and Power Plant in Stockholm. Sweden. Available online: http://www.fortum.com/en/mediaroom/Pages/fortum-to-invest-in-a-new-biofuelled-combined-heat-and-power-plant-in-stockholmsweden.aspx (accessed on 4 March 2015).

  • Fortum. (2013). Fortum Värme och miljö Stockholm 2013. Stockholm: Fortum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980). Truth and power. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/knowledge, selected interviews and writings (pp. 1972–1977). Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebresselassiea, M., & Sanchez, T. M. (2018). Smart’ tools for socially sustainable transport. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 2, 45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, D. C., Longhurst, J., & Braithwaite, C. (1998). Struggling with sustainability: Weak and strong interpretations of sustainable development within local authority policy. Environment and Planning A, 30, 1351–1365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girardet, H. (1992). The Gaia atlas of cities: New directions for sustainable urban living. London: Gaia Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girardet, H. (1999). Creating sustainable cities. Schumacher Briefing no. 2. Foxhole, Dartington, Totnes, Devon, UK: Green Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girardet, H. (2008). Cities, people, planet: Urban development and climate change. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, H. (2005). Sustainable design goes main stream. In D. Brown, M. Fox, & M. R. Pelletier (Eds.), Sustainable architecture: White papers (pp. 34–38). New York: Earthpledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graedel, T. (2011). Industrial ecology and the ecocity. National Academy of Engineering.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, A. (2013). Against the smart city. New York, NY: Do Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hajer, M. A. (1995). The politics of environmental discourse: Ecological modernization and the policy process. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hajer, M., & Versteeg, W. (2008). The limits to deliberative governance. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Conference, Boston August 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, D. J. (1999). A quantitative approach to the assessment of the environmental impact of building materials. Building and Environment, 34(6), 751e758.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, F. (2011). Green vision: The search for the ideal eco-city. London: Financ Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, C. (2011). Interpreting interpretivism interpreting interpretations: The new hermeneutics of public administration. Public Administration, 89(1), 167–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healey, P. (2007). Urban complexity and spatial strategies: Towards a relational planning for our times. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstad, H. (2012). Compact city development: high ideals and emerging practices. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Höjer, M., & Wangel, S. (2015). Smart sustainable cities: Definition and challenges. In L. Hilty & B. Aebischer B (Eds.), ICT innovations for sustainability (pp. 333–349). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmstedt, L., Brandt, N., & Robert, K. H. (2017). Can Stockholm Royal Seaport be part of the puzzle towards global sustainability? From local to global sustainability using the same set of criteria. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140(2017), 72–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jabareen, Y. R. (2006). Sustainable urban forms: Their typologies, models, and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 38–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks, M., Burton, E., & Williams, K. (1996a). A sustainable future through the compact city? Urban intensification in the United Kingdom. Environment by Design, 1(1), 5–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks, M., Burton, E., & Williams, K. (Eds.). (1996b). The compact city: A sustainable urban form?. London: E & FN Spon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks, M., & Dempsey, N. (2005). Future forms and design for sustainable cities. Oxford: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks, M., & Jones, C. (Eds.). (2010). Dimensions of the sustainable city (Vol. 2). London: SpringerLink.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessop, R. (1998). The narrative of enterprise and the enterprise of narrative: Place marketing and the entrepreneurial city. In T. H. All & P. Hubbard (Eds.), The entrepreneurial city: Geographies of politics, regime and representation (pp. 77–99). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannesson, C. (2018). City of S.: Interview Claes Johannesson, smart city Stockholm, Project leader.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joss, S. (2010). Eco-cities—A global survey 2009. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 129, 239–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joss, S. (2011). Eco-cities: The mainstreaming of urban sustainability; key characteristics and driving factors. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6(3), 268–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joss, S., Cowley, R., & Tomozeiu, D. (2013). Towards the ubiquitous eco-city: An analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Journal of Urban Research & Practice, 76, 16–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalbro, T., Lindgren, E., & Røsnes, A. (2010). Nær utakt – Plan og bygnings lovsreformer i Norge og Sverige [Planning and Building Act reforms in Norway and Sweden]. Kart og Plan, 70(1), 27–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kärrholm, M. (2011). The scaling of sustainable urban form: Some scale—Related problems in the context of Swedish urban landscape. Eur. Plan. Stud., 19, 97–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenworthy, J. R. (2006). The eco-city: Ten key transport and planning dimensions for sustainable city development. Environment and Urbanization, 18(1), 67–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. Geo J, 79, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, R. (2016). The ethics of smart cities and urban science. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 374, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T. P., & McArdle, G. (2015). Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking & real-time dashboards. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2, 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klockner, C. A., & Matthies, E. (2004). How habits interfere with norm-directed behaviour: A normative decision-making model for travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(3), 319e327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramers, A., Höjer, M., Lövehagen, N., & Wangel, J. (2014). Smart sustainable cities: Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities. Environmental Modelling and Software, 56, 52–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramers, A., Wangel, J., & Höjer, M. (2016). Governing the smart sustainable city: The case of the Stockholm Royal Seaport. In Proceedings of ICT for Sustainability 2016 (Vol. 46, pp. 99–108). Amsterdam: Atlantis Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krogstie, B. S., & Karrholm, M. J. (2019). Compact city planning and development: The cases of Gothenburg and Helsingborg. Sweden (in press): Sustainable Cities and Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S. & Pallathucheril, V. G., (2004). Analyzing planning and design discourses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31, 829–846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Länsstyrelsen Stockholm. (2015). National stadsparken. Retrieved October 11, 2019, from http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/stockholm/Sv/samhallsplanering-och-kulturmiljo/planfragor/riksintressen/nationalstadspark/Pages/default.aspx.

  • Li, L. W., & Yu, Y. H. (2016). Planning low carbon communities: Why is a self-sustaining energy management system indispensable? Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 11(4), 371–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindström, B., & Eriksson, B. (1993). Quality of life among children in the Nordic countries. Quality of Life Research, 2(1), 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • LSECities, ICLEI and Global Green Growth Institute. (2013). Going green: How cities are leading the next economy. London: London School of Economics (LSE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., de Vries, S., & Spreeuwenburg, P. (2006). Green space, urbanity, and health: How strong is the relation? Journal of Epidemiol Community Health, 60, 587–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malmö City. (2006). Västra Hamnen The Bo01-area: A city for people and the environment. Retrieved from https://malmo.se/download/18.7101b483110ca54a562800010420/.

  • Malmö City. (2014). Comprehensive plan for Malmö. Retrieved from https://malmo.se/Nice-to-know-about-Malmo/Sustainable-Malmo-/Sustainable-Urban-Development/Sustainable-Urban-Planning.html.

  • Malmö City. (2019). Sustainable urban planning in Malmö. Retrieved from https://malmo.se/Nice-to-know-about-Malmo/Sustainable-Malmo-/Sustainable-Urban-Development/Sustainable-Urban-Planning.html.

  • Malmö City Council. (2015). Western Harbor, current urban planning. Retrieved from https://malmo.se/download/18.76b7688614bb5ccea09157af/1491304414891/Current+urban+development+in+Western+Harbour+%282015%29.pdf.

  • Marcotullio, P. (2007). Urban water-related environmental transitions in Southeast Asia. Sustainability Science, 2(1), 27–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGregor, A., Roberts, C., & Cousins, F. (2013). Two degrees: The built environment and our changing climate. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mol, A. P. J. (2000). Ecological modernization and the global economy. Global Environmental Politics, 2(2002), 92–115. ISSN 1526-3800.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, S. A. (2007). Alternative routes to the sustainable city: Austin, Curitiba, and Frankfurt. Lanham: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostafavi, M., & Doherty, G. (Eds.). (2010). Ecological urbanism. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Muller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, M. (2005). The compact city fallacy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25, 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nijkamp, P., & Perrels, A. (1994). Sustainable cities in Europe. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nozick, M. (1992). No place like the home: Building sustainable communities. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (1995). Ecological cities project. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org.

  • OECD. (2012a). Green growth studies, compact city policies: A comparative assessment. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2012b). Compact city policies: A comparative assessment, OECD. In OECD green growth studies (pp. 123–158). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264167865-en.

  • OECD. (2013). Green growth in Stockholm, Sweden. In OECD green growth studies. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from April 21, 2014, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264195158-en.

  • Olshov, A. (2010). The location of Nordic and global headquarters 2010 (p. 197). Malmö: Øresundsinstituttet. OCLC 706436140. “Stockholm is the main centre of headquarters in the Nordic region”.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, S. (1992). Energy, environmental sustainability and land—Use planning. In M. Breheny (Ed.), Sustainable development and urban form (pp. 79–105). London: Pion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandis, S., & Brandt, N. (2009). Utvärdering av Hammarby Sjöstads miljöprofilering: vilka erfarenheter ska tas med till nya stadsutvecklingsprojekt i Stockholm?, Stockholm: Avdelninen för Industriell Ekologi, KTH. [in Swedish].

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandis, I. S., & Brandt, N. (2011). The development of a sustainable urban district in Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm, Sweden? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 13(6), 1043–1064.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantelis, K., & Aija, L. (2013). Understanding the value of (big) data. In Big Data 2013 IEEE International Conference on IEEE, 38–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulson, B. (1997). Toward global sustainable community: A view from Wisconsin. In K. Yamaguchi (Ed.), Sustainable global community in the information age: Vision from future studies, Praeger Studies on the 21st Century. Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Portugali, J., & Alfasi, N. (2008). An approach to planning discourse analysis. Urban Studies, 45(2), 251–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pötz, H., & Bleuzé, P. (2016). Green-blue grids manual for resilient cities. atelier GROENBLAU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pozdniakova, A. M. (2018). Smart city strategies “London-Stockholm-Vienna-Kyiv”: In search of common ground and best practices. Acta Innovations, 27, 31–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranhagen, U., & Groth, K. (2012). The symbiocity approach—A conceptual framework for sustainable urban development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport, E. (2014). Utopian visions and real estate dreams: The eco-city past, present and future. Geography Compass, 8, 137–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport, E., & Vernay, A. L. (2011). Defining the eco-city: A discursive approach. Paper Presented at the Management and Innovation for a Sustainable Built Environment Conference, International Eco-cities Initiative (pp. 1–15). Amsterdam: The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reepalu, I. (2013, June 4). Malmö—From industrial waste land to sustainable city. Climate Action. Retrieved September 16, 2013, from http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/climate-leader-papers/ilmar_reepalu_mayor_city_of_malmoe_sweden/.

  • Register, R. (2002). Eco-cities: Building cities in balance with nature. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Hills Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Register, R. (2006). Ecocities: Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature. Gabriola Island BC: New Society Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J., & Tinker, J. (1998). Reconciling ecological, economic, and social imperatives. In J. Schnurr & S. Holtz (Eds.), The cornerstone of development: Integrating environmental, social, and economic policies (pp. 9–43). Ottawa, Canada: IDRC—International Development Research Center and Lewis Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roelofs, J. (1999). Building and designing with nature: Urban design. In D. Satterthwaite (Ed.), Sustainable cities (pp. 234–250). London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, L. & Ståhlberg, C. (2005). The Nordic countries: Still the ‘promised land’? In B. Denters & L. Rose (Eds.), Comparing local governance—Trends and developments. Palgrave McMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseland, M. (1997a). Dimensions of the eco-city. Cities, 14(4), 197–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseland, M. (1997b). Eco-city dimensions: Healthy communities, healthy planet. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudin, D., & Falk, N. (1999). Building the 21st century home: The sustainable urban neighborhood. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCB. (2018). Folkmängd och landareal i tätorter, per tätort. Vart femte år 1960–2018. Retrieved September 30, 2019, from http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__MI__MI0810__MI0810A/LandarealTatort/?rxid=546e87f6-5dc3-4535-994e-b301c2515080.

  • Schmidt, V. (2008). Discursive institutionalism: The explanatory power of ideas and discourse. Annual Review of Political Science, 11, 303–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, V. (2010). Taking ideas and discourse seriously: Explaining change through discursive institutionalism as the fourth “new institutionalism”. European Political Science Review, 2(1), 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahrokni, H., Årman, L., Lazarevic, D., Nilsson, A., & Brandt, N. (2015a). Implementing smart urban metabolism in the Stockholm Royal Seaport: Smart city SRS. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 917–929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahrokni, H., Lazarevic, D., & Brandt, N. (2015b). Smart urban metabolism: Towards a real-time understanding of the energy and material flows of a city and its citizens. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 65–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharifi, A. (2016). From Garden City to eco-urbanism: The quest for sustainable neighborhood development. Sustainable Cities and Society, 20, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Späth, P. (Ed.). (2017). Smart-eco cities in Germany: Trends and city profiles. Exeter: University of Exeter (SMART-ECO Project).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. E. (2006). Multiple case study analysis. New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, A. (2014). Case study. In J. Mills & M. Birks (Eds.), Qualitative methodology: A practical guide (pp. 145–159). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockholm City. (2009a). Stockholm city plan. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&channel=mac_bm&sxsrf=ACYBGNRBW8_dDG-xq9KckAdoe504Heffxg%3A1572425899931&source=hp&ei=q1C5XaeRNY3RrgTI57aYCg&q=Stockholm+Master+plan+&btnK=Google+Search.

  • Stockholm City. (2009b). Stockholm city plan. Retrieved from https://vaxer.stockholm/globalassets/tema/oversiktplan-ny_light/english_stockholm_city_plan.pdf.

  • Stockholm City. (2009c). Stockholm Royal Seaport: Vision 2030. Retrieved from https://international.stockholm.se/globalassets/ovriga-bilder-och-filer/visionsrs2030_medium.pdf.

  • Stockholm City. (2017a). Stockholm Royal Seaport: Sustainability report. Retrieved from https://vaxer.stockholm/globalassets/omraden/-stadsutvecklingsomraden/ostermalm-norra-djurgardsstaden/royal-seaport/media/sustainability_report_2017_uppslag_eng_juni_2018.pdf.

  • Stockholm City. (2017b). Smart and connected city Stockholm. Retrieved from http://international.stockholm.se/globalassets/ovriga-bilder-och-filer/smart-city/brochure-smart-and-connected.pdf.

  • Stockholm City. (2019). Royal Seaport Stockholm. Retrieved from http://www.stockholmroyalseaport.com.

  • Stockholm City Council. (2010). Övergripande program för miljö och hållbar stadsutveckling i Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Stockholm: Stockholm City Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockholms Länslandsting. (2015). Spårvagn City. Retrieved December 02, 2015, from http://www.sll.se/verksamhet/kollektivtrafik/aktuella-projekt/sparvag-city/.

  • Sum, N. L. (2004). From “integral state” to “integral world economic order”: Towards a neo-Gramscian cultural international political economy. CPE Working Paper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, H., Dastur, A., Moffatt, S., Yabuki, N., & Maruyama, H. (2010). Eco2 cities ecological cities as economic cities. The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanwick, C., Dunnett, N., & Woolley, H. (2003). Nature, role and value of green space in towns and cities: An overview. Built Environment, 29(2), 94–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talen, E., & Ellis, C. (2002). Beyond relativism: Reclaiming the search for good city form. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 22, 36–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Nordics, 2017, Smart City Solutions, http://www.nordicpavilion.org/stockholm-royal-seaport-2018/.

  • The Young Foundation. (2011). Design For Social Sustainability. https://youngfoundation.org/publications/design-for-social-sustainability/.

  • Thomas, R. (2003). Building design. In T. Randall & M. Fordham (Eds.), Sustainable urban design: An environmental approach (pp. 46–88). London: Spon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd, J., & Todd, N. (1994). From eco-cities to living machines: Principles of ecological design. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torfing, J. (2004). Det stille sporskiftet I velfærdsstaten. En diskursteoretisk procesanalyse [Discourse analysis of the shift of the Danish welfare state]. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, A. (2013). Smart cities—Big data, civic hackers and the quest for a new utopia. New York: Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; United Nations: New York, NY, USA. Available online: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld (accessed on 22 May 2017).

  • Van Bueren, E., van Bohemen, H., Itard, L., & Visscher, H. (2011). Sustainable urban environments: An ecosystem approach. Springer International Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Ryn, S., & Calthorpe, P. (1991). Sustainable communities: A new design synthesis for cities, suburbs, and towns. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, S. (1989). Fjarrvarmens utveckling och utbredning. Stockholm: Varmeverksforeningen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieviorka, M. (1992). Case studies: History or sociology? In C. C. Ragin & H. S. Becker (Eds.), What is a case? Exploring the foundations of social inquiry (pp. 159–172). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, K. (2010). Sustainable cities: Research and practice challenges. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 1(1), 128–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeang, K. (1997). The Skyscraper bioclimatically considered. London: Academy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yigitcanlar, T., & Lee, S. H. (2013). Korean ubiquitous-eco-city: A smart-sustainable urban form or a branding hoax? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 100–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, N., He, G., & Williams, C. (2012). China’s development of low-carbon eco-cities and associated indicator systems (p. 1). Report LBNL-5873E, China Energy Group Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Department, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. Retrieved July, 2012, from http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/fles/china_eco-cities_indicator_systems.pdf.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Department of Architecture and Planning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Simon Elias Bibri

Authors
  1. Simon Elias Bibri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon Elias Bibri .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bibri, S. (2020). Advances in Eco-city Planning and Development: Emerging Practices and Strategies for Integrating the Goals of Sustainability. In: Advances in the Leading Paradigms of Urbanism and their Amalgamation. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41746-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation