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Traumatic Cranial Neuropathies

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Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Abstract

Many patients who sustain head trauma may have associated orbital injuries that necessitate a thorough, systematic ophthalmic evaluation. In patients with recent cranial injury, bedside testing may be difficult and limited. At times, the pupillary examination, forced duction testing, anterior segment examination, and direct ophthalmoscopy are all that are initially feasible. This information, along with imaging studies, guides much of the early treatment of head injury patients. Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of head trauma, and cranial nerve injuries occur in approximately 13% of these patients. This chapter will discuss the diagnosis and management of traumatic injury to the optic nerve and the motor nerves of the orbit. Discussion of trigeminal and facial nerve injury is found in other chapters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Service, Eye Emergency Room, Wills Eye Hospital and Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Ann P. Murchison

  2. Attending Surgeon and Professor of Ophthalmology, Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Service, Wills Eye Hospital and Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jurij R. Bilyk

  3. Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Viterbi Famile Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of Califormia San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Peter J. Savino

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  1. Ann P. Murchison
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  3. Peter J. Savino
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Correspondence to Ann P. Murchison .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oculofacial Plastic Surgeons of Georgia, Suwanee, GA, USA

    J. Javier Servat

  2. Consultants in Ophthalmic and Facial Plastic Surgery, P.C., Southfield, MI, USA

    Evan H. Black

  3. Beaumont Eye Institute, William Beaumont School of Medicine of Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Frank A. Nesi

  4. Consultants in Ophthalmic and Facial Plastic Surgery, P.C., Southfield, MI, USA

    Geoffrey J. Gladstone

  5. San Antonio Military Medical Center/Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgery Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Oculoplastic Surgery, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Christopher J. Calvano

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Murchison, A.P., Bilyk, J.R., Savino, P.J. (2021). Traumatic Cranial Neuropathies. In: Servat, J.J., Black, E.H., Nesi, F.A., Gladstone, G.J., Calvano, C.J. (eds) Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41720-8_6

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