Abstract
Activation enzymes catalyze oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions, resulting in the introduction of functional groups to lipophilic foreign compounds, thus increasing the water solubility of parent compounds and facilitating their excretion from the body. The functional reactions introduced to foreign compounds include N-oxidation, S-oxidation, aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylation, O- and N-dealkylation, hydrolysis, and epoxidation. Functionalization reactions are catalyzed by activation enzymes, including cytochrome P450 oxidase, flavin monooxygenase, amine oxidase, nitroreductase, azoreductase, molybdenum hydroxylase, epoxide hydrolase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Oxidation reactions occur at carbon and nitrogen atoms or unsaturated hydrocarbon while reduction reactions at nitrogen atom or carbonyl group and hydrolysis reactions at ester, amide, or epoxide group.
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16 June 2020
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Chen, CH. (2020). Functionalization Reactions Catalyzed by Activation Enzymes. In: Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes: Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41679-9_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41679-9_6
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