Abstract
Enzymes make up the largest and most highly specialized class of protein molecules. Foreign compound-metabolizing enzymes are produced from the information stored within the genes and are present in most tissues with the highest levels located in the liver and intestines. Activation enzymes are composed of oxidases, hydrolases, and reductases. Oxidases include cytochrome P450s, flavin-containing monooxygenases, amine oxidases, lipoxygenases, aldehyde and xanthine oxidases, alcohol dehydrogenases, prostaglandin H synthase, and peroxidases. Oxidation reaction occurs at specific atom or group such as carbon, nitrogen, or unsaturated hydrocarbon. Reductases include nitroreductase, azoreductase, aldo-keto reductase, and carbonyl reductase. Reduction reactions occur at nitrogen atom or carbonyl group. Hydrolases include carboxylesterases and epoxide hydrolases. Hydrolysis reactions occur at specific group such as ester, amide, or epoxide.
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Chen, CH. (2020). Bioactivation Metabolism: Activation Enzymes. In: Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes: Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41679-9_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41679-9_5
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