Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Edge Computing Integrated with Blockchain Technologies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Complexity and Approximation

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 12000))

Abstract

With the rapid increasing of the number of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoTs), the traditional centralized cloud computing system is unable to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) for many applications, especially for areas with real-time, reliability and security. The edge computing as an extension of the cloud computing is introduced, which lies in its ability to transfer the sensitive data from cloud to the edge for increasing network security and to realize high frequency interaction and real-time transmission of data. However, that the edge servers maintain sensitive privacy information generates many important security issues for the edge computing network. Moreover, the data produced by IoT devices are separated into many parts and stored in different edges servers that are located in different locations, which is hard to guarantee data integrity due to data loss and incorrect data storage in edge servers. As the emergence of blockchain technologies, the various security problems and data integrity of the edge computing can be addressed by integrating blockchain technologies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of edge computing integrated with blockchain technologies. Firstly, the blockchain technologies and the architecture of the edge computing are introduced. Secondly, the motivations and architecture of the edge computing integrated with blockchain are introduced. Thirdly, the related works about the edge computing integrated with blockchain that have been investigated are introduced. Finally, the research challenges are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yu, W., et al.: A survey on the edge computing for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access 6, 6900–6919 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li, C., Zhang, L.-J.: A blockchain based new secure multi-layer network model for Internet of Things. In: 2017 IEEE International Congress on Internet of Things (ICIOT), pp. 33–41. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Garcia Lopez, P., et al.: Edge-centric computing: vision and challenges. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 45(5), 37–42 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lin, J., Wei, Y., Zhang, N., Yang, X., Zhang, H., Zhao, W.: A survey on Internet of Things: architecture, enabling technologies, security and privacy, and applications. IEEE Internet Things J. 4(5), 1125–1142 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yang, R., Yu, F.R., Si, P., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y.: Integrated blockchain and edge computing systems: a survey, some research issues and challenges. IEEE Commun. Sur. Tutor. 21(2), 1508–1532 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nakamoto, S., et al.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kang, J., et al.: Blockchain for secure and efficient data sharing in vehicular edge computing and networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(3), 4660–4670 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Biswas, S., Sharif, K., Li, F., Nour, B., Wang, Y.: A scalable blockchain framework for secure transactions in IoT. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(3), 4650–4659 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sharma, P.K., Chen, M.-Y., Park, J.H.: A software defined fog node based distributed blockchain cloud architecture for IoT. IEEE Access 6, 115–124 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Stanciu, A.: Blockchain based distributed control system for edge computing. In: 2017 21st International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS), pp. 667–671. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Xiong, Z., Feng, S., Niyato, D., Wang, P., Han, Z.: Optimal pricing-based edge computing resource management in mobile blockchain. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jiang, P., Guo, F., Liang, K., Lai, J., Wen, Q.: Searchain: blockchain-based private keyword search in decentralized storage. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey. Int. J. Web Grid Serv. 14(4), 352–375 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. King, S., Nadal, S.: PPCoin: peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof-of-stake. Self-published paper, 19 August 2012

    Google Scholar 

  15. Castro, M., Liskov, B., et al.: Practical Byzantine fault tolerance. In: OSDI, vol. 99, pp. 173–186 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  16. He, K., Chen, J., Ruiying, D., Qianhong, W., Xue, G., Zhang, X.: DeyPoS: deduplicatable dynamic proof of storage for multi-user environments. IEEE Trans. Comput. 65(12), 3631–3645 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Larimer, D.: Delegated proof-of-stake (DPOS). Bitshare whitepaper (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dziembowski, S., Faust, S., Kolmogorov, V., Pietrzak, K.: Proofs of space. In: Gennaro, R., Robshaw, M. (eds.) CRYPTO 2015. LNCS, vol. 9216, pp. 585–605. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48000-7_29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Chalaemwongwan, N., Kurutach, W.: State of the art and challenges facing consensus protocols on blockchain. In: 2018 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), pp. 957–962. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Johnson, D., Menezes, A., Vanstone, S.: The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). Int. J. Inf. Secur. 1(1), 36–63 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Merkle, R.C.: Protocols for public key cryptosystems. In: 1980 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, p. 122. IEEE (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Szabo, N.: Smart contracts: building blocks for digital markets. EXTROPY: J. Transhumanist Thought (16), 18:2 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wang, S., Yuan, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Qin, R., Wang, F.-Y.: An overview of smart contract: architecture, applications, and future trends. In: 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 108–113. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Delmolino, K., Arnett, M., Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E.: Step by step towards creating a safe smart contract: lessons and insights from a cryptocurrency lab. In: Clark, J., Meiklejohn, S., Ryan, P.Y.A., Wallach, D., Brenner, M., Rohloff, K. (eds.) FC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9604, pp. 79–94. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53357-4_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Rabinovich, M., Xiao, Z., Aggarwal, A.: Computing on the edge: a platform for replicating internet applications. In: Douglis, F., Davison, B.D. (eds.) Web Content Caching and Distribution, pp. 57–77. Springer, Dordrecht (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2258-1_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Liono, J., Jayaraman, P.P., Qin, A.K., Nguyen, T., Salim, F.D.: QDaS: quality driven data summarisation for effective storage management in Internet of Things. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 127, 196–208 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Vaquero, L.M., Rodero-Merino, L.: Finding your way in the fog: towards a comprehensive definition of fog computing. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 44(5), 27–32 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hajibaba, M., Gorgin, S.: A review on modern distributed computing paradigms: cloud computing, jungle computing and fog computing. J. Comput. Inf. Technol. 22(2), 69–84 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumar, J.S., Patel, D.R.: A survey on Internet of Things: security and privacy issues. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 90(11) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Satyanarayanan, M.: The emergence of edge computing. Computer 50(1), 30–39 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Stojmenovic, I., Wen, S., Huang, X., Luan, H.: An overview of fog computing and its security issues. Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp. 28(10), 2991–3005 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Mukherjee, M., et al.: Security and privacy in fog computing: challenges. IEEE Access 5, 19293–19304 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Veena, P., Panikkar, S., Nair, S., Brody, P.: Empowering the edge-practical insights on a decentralized Internet of Things. IBM Institute for Business Value (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Otte, P., de Vos, M., Pouwelse, J.: Trustchain: a sybil-resistant scalable blockchain. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Restuccia, F., Kanhere, S.D., Melodia, T., Das, S.K.: Blockchain for the Internet of Things: present and future. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.07448 (2019)

  36. Christidis, K., Devetsikiotis, M.: Blockchains and smart contracts for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access 4, 2292–2303 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lee, B., Lee, J.-H.: Blockchain-based secure firmware update for embedded devices in an Internet of Things environment. J. Supercomput. 73(3), 1152–1167 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Dorri, A., Kanhere, S.S., Jurdak, R., Gauravaram, P.: LSB: a lightweight scalable blockchain for IoT security and anonymity. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 134, 180–197 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Esposito, C., De Santis, A., Tortora, G., Chang, H., Choo, K.-K.R.: Blockchain: a panacea for healthcare cloud-based data security and privacy? IEEE Cloud Comput. 5(1), 31–37 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Gaur, A., Scotney, B., Parr, G., McClean, S.: Smart city architecture and its applications based on IoT. Procedia Comput. Sci. 52, 1089–1094 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Tang, B., Chen, Z., Hefferman, G., Wei, T., He, H., Yang, Q.: A hierarchical distributed fog computing architecture for big data analysis in smart cities. In: 2015 Proceedings of the ASE BigData & SocialInformatics, p. 28. ACM (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sharma, P.K., Park, J.H.: Blockchain based hybrid network architecture for the smart city. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 86, 650–655 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Rahman, M.A., Rashid, M.M., Hossain, M.S., Hassanain, E., Alhamid, M.F., Guizani, M.: Blockchain and IoT-based cognitive edge framework for sharing economy services in a smart city. IEEE Access 7, 18611–18621 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Khan, Z., Abbasi, A.G., Pervez, Z.: Blockchain and edge computing-based architecture for participatory smart city applications. Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp., e5566 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Damianou, A., Angelopoulos, C.M., Katos, V.: An architecture for blockchain over edge-enabled IoT for smart circular cities. In: 2019 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 465–472. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Xu, R., Nikouei, S.Y., Chen, Y., Blasch, E., Aved, A.: BlendMAS: a blockchain-enabled decentralized microservices architecture for smart public safety. arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.10567 (2019)

  47. Wang, R., Tsai, W.-T., He, J., Liu, C., Li, Q., Deng, E.: A video surveillance system based on permissioned blockchains and edge computing. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Kotobi, K., Sartipi, M.: Efficient and secure communications in smart cities using edge, caching, and blockchain. In: 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Sharma, P.K., Moon, S.Y., Park, J.H.: Block-VN: a distributed blockchain based vehicular network architecture in smart city. JIPS 13(1), 184–195 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sherly, J., Somasundareswari, D.: Internet of Things based smart transportation systems. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. 2(7), 1207–1210 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Li, M., Zhu, L., Lin, X.: Efficient and privacy-preserving carpooling using blockchain-assisted vehicular fog computing. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(3), 4573–4584 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, T.: Blockchain-enabled security in electric vehicles cloud and edge computing. IEEE Netw. 32(3), 78–83 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Nguyen, T.H., Partala, J., Pirttikangas, S.: Blockchain-based mobility-as-a-service. In: 2019 28th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Zhou, Z., Wang, B., Dong, M., Ota, K.: Secure and efficient vehicle-to-grid energy trading in cyber physical systems: integration of blockchain and edge computing. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. 50(1), 43–57 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Chen, W., et al.: Cooperative and distributed computation offloading for blockchain-empowered industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(5), 4833–8446 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Zhang, K., Zhu, Y., Maharjan, S., Zhang, Y.: Edge intelligence and blockchain empowered 5G beyond for the industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Netw. 33(5), 12–19 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Ren, Y., Zhu, F., Qi, J., Wang, J., Sangaiah, A.K.: Identity management and access control based on blockchain under edge computing for the industrial Internet of Things. Appl. Sci. 9(10) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Gai, K., Wu, Y., Zhu, L., Zhang, Z., Qiu, M.: Differential privacy-based blockchain for industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Seitz, A., Henze, D., Miehle, D., Bruegge, B., Nickles, J., Sauer, M.: Fog computing as enabler for blockchain-based IIoT app marketplaces-a case study. In: 2018 Fifth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security, pp. 182–188. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Dorri, A., Kanhere, S.S., Jurdak, R., Gauravaram, P.: Blockchain for IoT security and privacy: the case study of a smart home. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops), pp. 618–623. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Tantidham, T., Aung, Y.N.: Emergency service for smart home system using Ethereum blockchain: system and architecture. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops), pp. 888–893. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Casado-Vara, R., de la Prieta, F., Prieto, J., Corchado, J.M.: Blockchain framework for IoT data quality via edge computing. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Blockchain-Enabled Networked Sensor Systems, pp. 19–24. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Rahman, M.A., Rashid, M., Barnes, S., Hossain, M.S., Hassanain, E., Guizani, M.: An IoT and blockchain-based multi-sensory in-home quality of life framework for cancer patients. In: 2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 2116–2121. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Gai, K., Wu, Y., Zhu, L., Xu, L., Zhang, Y.: Permissioned blockchain and edge computing empowered privacy-preserving smart grid networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(5), 7992–8004 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Wang, J., Wu, L., Choo, K.-K.R., He, D.: Blockchain based anonymous authentication with key management for smart grid edge computing infrastructure. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 16(3), 1984–1992 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Yang, J., Zhihui, L., Jie, W.: Smart-toy-edge-computing-oriented data exchange based on blockchain. J. Syst. Arch. 87, 36–48 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Jindal, A., Aujla, G.S., Kumar, N.: SURVIVOR: a blockchain based edge-as-a-service framework for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled vehicle-to-grid environment. Comput. Netw. 153, 36–48 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People’s Republic of China

    Chuanwen Luo & Deying Li

  2. School of Information Science and Technology, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People’s Republic of China

    Liya Xu

  3. Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA

    Weili Wu

Authors
  1. Chuanwen Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liya Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Deying Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weili Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chuanwen Luo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA

    Ding-Zhu Du

  2. University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA

    Jie Wang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Luo, C., Xu, L., Li, D., Wu, W. (2020). Edge Computing Integrated with Blockchain Technologies. In: Du, DZ., Wang, J. (eds) Complexity and Approximation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12000. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41672-0_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41672-0_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41671-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41672-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation