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Heavy Metal–Induced Gene Expression in Plants

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Contaminants in Agriculture

Abstract

The high content of heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Hg, and Pb) in the soil has harmful effects on plant development and growth and crop yield. The remediation of these pollutants from the environment especially from the contaminated soil and water is an important task for environmentalists and agricultural scientists in order to make our precious soil and water resources clean and reusable for our agricultural industry and for safe human consumption. It is important to develop new and less expensive technologies to remediate contaminated areas and eliminate the potentially deleterious effects of these contaminants which may pose serious problems to our food quality and health if not addressed properly. Phytoremediation, an in situ remediation technique, could be one of the best approaches through which toxic metals can be extracted from the polluted soils and waters. However, it is a relatively new technology, and there are not much data available in order to understand the molecular mechanism of uptake, transport, and accumulation of the toxic metals/metalloids in the harvestable parts of the plants. Recent research has shown great advances in the understanding of key mechanisms responsible for heavy metal detoxification, transport from root to shoot and accumulation in the shoots and leaves of the plants. For example, genes of metal transporters, metal ATPases, micro RNAs involved in translocation, and accumulation process have been identified and their role in metal accumulation is being elucidated to some extent. The aim of this review is to provide a close understanding of the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the current findings related to molecular biology and biotechnology research. Additionally, recent work on metal stress–related microRNAs and genome editing will be highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Ms. Fatma Kusur, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Usak University, and Mr. Muhammet Memon, International Biomedical and Genomic Research Center, Dokuz Eylul University, for their help in reference arrangement and their valuable comments on some part of this review. This work is supported by BAP project F010.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Usak University, Usak, Turkey

    Abdul Razaque Memon

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Correspondence to Abdul Razaque Memon .

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  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. Naeem

  2. Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Abid Ali Ansari

  3. Centre for Biotechnology Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

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Memon, A.R. (2020). Heavy Metal–Induced Gene Expression in Plants. In: Naeem, M., Ansari, A., Gill, S. (eds) Contaminants in Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_7

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