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Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Contaminants in Agriculture: Impact on Soil and Water Resources

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Abstract

Inorganic and organic fertilizers are crop food considered as indispensable sources of nutrients to the agriculture ecosystem. These crop food, besides supplying essential nutrients and acting as soil conditioners, pose potential pollution risk in agriculture and might contain significant amount of contaminants. Indiscriminate use of fertilizer and manures, improper handling and storage facilities, etc. often result in degradation of natural resources, releasing contaminants into soil, air, and water which directly impact human health. Inorganic fertilizers are subjected to easy breakdown in soil compared to organic manures and, therefore, easily contaminate soil, water, and air. Major source of contamination is from nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers, which affect soil properties, runoff cause water contamination, or sometime escape to atmosphere affecting air quality thereby enhanced contribution to greenhouse gases contributing to climate change. In addition, contaminants from both inorganic and organic fertilizers rich in nutrient lost via runoff and soil erosion result in eutrophication of aquatic bodies. High build up of heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg in soil are often associated with excess application rate of manures and fertilizers in agriculture. Various contaminants have direct effect on soil properties, such as reduction in soil organic carbon, high accumulation of salts, compaction, surface crusting, imbalance of essential nutrients, which deteriorates normal soil functions. Site-specific information along with appropriate nutrient management strategies such as best management practices (BMPs), nutrient application based upon crop requirement, phytoremediation techniques, nutrient loss models, monitoring, awareness among farmers and public, and legislation policies can not only result in sustainable crop production but will also minimize the possible adverse effect on living beings and environment by reducing contaminants added by organic and inorganic fertilizers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Chemistry and Fertility, IISWC, Research Centre, Kota, India

    I. Rashmi

  2. Soil Chemistry and Fertility, IISWC, Dehradun, India

    Trisha Roy

  3. Soil Chemistry and Fertility, CPCRI, Research Centre, Vittal, India

    K. S. Kartika

  4. Environmental Science, IISWC, Research Centre, Agra, India

    Rama Pal

  5. Soil Chemistry and Fertility, IISS, Bhopal, India

    Vassanda Coumar

  6. Forestry, IISWC, Research Centre, Kota, India

    S. Kala

  7. Agriculture extension, IISS, Bhopal, India

    K. C. Shinoji

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  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. Naeem

  2. Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Abid Ali Ansari

  3. Centre for Biotechnology Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

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Rashmi, I. et al. (2020). Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Contaminants in Agriculture: Impact on Soil and Water Resources. In: Naeem, M., Ansari, A., Gill, S. (eds) Contaminants in Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_1

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