Abstract
This chapter summarises the main findings from the analysis of the EITI’s implementation in Norway, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan. It also discusses the model of norm implementation that has been used in this book and focuses on the three stages of norm implementation and what these entail, as well as presenting the importance of the critical juncture concept to explain the timing of norm commitment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Under Solheim’s leadership, Norway has launched its ‘Oil for Development’ Programme as part of its official foreign assistance to developing resource-rich states (discussed in detail in Chap. 4).
- 2.
Chayes and Chayes (1995, p. 30) have referred to such sanctions as ‘membership sanctions – expulsion or suspension of rights and privileges of a party to the treaty’.
References
Acharya, A. (2004). How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism. International Organization, 58(2), 239–275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304582024.
Bayulgen, O. (2010). Norway: Icon of stability. In Foreign investment and political regimes: The oil sector in Azerbaijan, Russia, and Norway (pp. 183–215). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Betts, A., & Orchard, P. (2014). Introduction: The normative institutionalization-implementation gap. In A. Betts & P. Orchard (Eds.), Implementation and world politics: How international norms change practice (pp. 1–26). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bodansky, D. (1999). The legitimacy of international governance: A coming challenge for international environmental law? The American Journal of International Law, 93(3), 596–624.
Börzel, T. A., & Risse, T. (2013). Human rights in areas of limited statehood: The new agenda. In T. Risse, S. C. Ropp, & K. Sikkink (Eds.), The persistent power of human rights: From commitment to compliance (pp. 63–84). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chayes, A., & Chayes, A. H. (1995). The new sovereignty: Compliance with international regulatory agreements. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Checkel, J. T. (1997). International norms and domestic politics: Bridging the rationalist-constructivist divide. European Journal of International Relations, 3(4), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066197003004003.
Checkel, J. T. (2001). Why comply? Social learning and European identity change. International Organization, 55(3), 553–588. https://doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507551.
Cortell, A. P., & Davis, J. W., Jr. (2000). Understanding the domestic impact of international norms: A research agenda. International Studies Review, 2(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00184.
de Nevers, R. (2007). Imposing international norms: Great powers and norm enforcement. International Studies Review, 9(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00645.x.
DFID. (2003a). Statement by Erlan Idrissov, Ambassador of the Republic of Kazakhstan. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/tna/20070701122600, http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/eitidraftreportkazakhstan.pdf. Accessed on March 25, 2016.
DFID. (2003b). Statement by Ilham Aliyev, first vice president of SOCAR. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/tna/20070701122611, http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/eitidraftreportazerbiajan.pdf. Accessed on June 30, 2015.
DFID. (2003c). Statement by Ms. Hilde F. Johnson, Minister of International Development, Norway. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/tna/20070701122603, http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/eitidraftreportnorway.pdf. Accessed on June 30, 2015.
EITI International Secretariat. (2016). The EITI Standard 2016. https://eiti.org/files/english-eiti-standard_0.pdf. Accessed on May 1, 2016.
Fawn, R. (2013). International organizations and internal conditionality: Making norms matter. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789.
Florini, A. M. (1996). The evolution of international norms. International Studies Quarterly, 40(3), 363–389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600716.
Gahramanova, A. (2009). Internal and external factors in the democratization of Azerbaijan. Democratization, 16(4), 777–803. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340903083919.
Gillies, A. (2010). Reputational concerns and the emergence of oil sector transparency as an international norm. International Studies Quarterly, 54(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00579.x.
Global Witness. (1999). A crude awakening. https://www.globalwitness.org/ru/archive/crude-awakening/. Accessed on March 17, 2018.
Haas, P. M., & Bilder, R. B. (2003). Compliance theories choosing to comply: Theorizing from international relations and comparative politics. In D. Shelton (Ed.), Commitment and compliance: The role of non-binding norms in the international legal system (pp. 43–74). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Knox, C. (2008). Kazakhstan: Modernizing government in the context of political inertia. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(3), 477–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095314.
Knox, C., & Yessimova, S. (2015). State-society relations: NGOs in Kazakhstan. Journal of Civil Society, 11(3), 300–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2015.1058322.
Koechlin, L., & Calland, R. (2009). Standard setting at the cutting edge: An evidence-based typology for multi-stakeholder initiatives. In A. Peters, L. Koechlin, T. Förster, & G. Fenner Zinkernagel (Eds.), Non-state actors as standard setters (pp. 84–112). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
OECD. (2016). Former DAC chair: Erik Solheim. http://www.oecd.org/dac/dacchaireriksolheim.htm. Accessed on August 3, 2016.
Payne, R. A. (2001). Persuasion, frames and norm construction. European Journal of International Relations, 7(1), 37–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066101007001002.
Radnitz, S. (2012). Oil in the family: Managing presidential succession in Azerbaijan. Democratization, 19(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.641300.
Risse-Kappen, T. (1995). Bringing transnational relations back in: Introduction. In T. Risse-Kappen (Ed.), Bringing transnational relations back in: Non-state actors, domestic structures and international institutions (pp. 3–33). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Risse, T., Ropp, S. C., & Sikkink, K. (Eds.). (1999). The power of human rights: International norms and domestic change. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Risse, T., Ropp, S. C., & Sikkink, K. (Eds.). (2013). The persistent power of human rights: From commitment to compliance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Risse, T., & Sikkink, K. (1999). The socialization of international human rights norms into domestic practices: Introduction. In T. Risse, S. C. Ropp, & K. Sikkink (Eds.), The power of human rights: International norms and domestic change (pp. 1–38). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rose, C. (2015). International anti-corruption norms. Their creation and influence on domestic legal systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sikkink, K. (2013). The United States and torture: Does the spiral model work? In T. Risse, S. C. Ropp, & K. Sikkink (Eds.), The persistent power of human rights: From commitment to compliance (pp. 145–163). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Simmons, B. A. (2009). Mobilizing human rights: International law and domestic politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
The EITI. (2016). United Kingdom. https://eiti.org/united-kingdom. Accessed on June 20, 2016.
Towns, A. E. (2012). Norms and social hierarchies: Understanding international policy diffusion “from below”. International Organization, 66(2), 179–209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000045.
Wiener, A. (2003). Constructivism: The limits of bridging gaps. Journal of International Relations and Development, 6(3), 252–275.
Wiener, A. (2004). Contested compliance: Interventions on the normative structure of world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 10(2), 189–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066104042934.
Wiener, A. (2007). Contested meanings of norms: A research framework. Comparative European Politics, 5, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110107.
Wiener, A. (2009). Enacting meaning-in-use: Qualitative research on norms and international relations. Review of International Studies, 35(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210509008377.
Wiener, A. (2014). A theory of contestation. Berlin: Springer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tskhay, A. (2020). Elements of Norm Implementation. In: Global Norm Compliance. Norm Research in International Relations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41452-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41452-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41451-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41452-8
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)