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The Future Prospect of the Chinese Independent Animation Ecology

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Part of the book series: Palgrave Animation ((PAANI))

Abstract

The rise of ‘auteur-driven’ animation in China reflects recent socio-cultural transformations to some extent, with feature-length independent animated films indicating an abiding possibility of exploring ambivalence towards the notion of a core ‘Chineseness’. It is apparent that the Chinese version of capitalism has brought both opportunities and disruptions to society which stimulates more independent artists to express their concerns online via visual representation. Another emerging independent animation artist, Liu Jian, has abandoned conventional animation methods and projects his version of post-socialist reality through an animated black comedy. His first feature-length animation Piercing I (2010) documents ‘reality’ more directly and thereby enjoins the audience to reconsider and redress the imbalance within contemporary society. His work is not only concerned with the issues of cultural commentary, but with individual cognition; not only does he explore the scope of ‘independence’ in contemporary China, but he also attempts to evoke a common consciousness with humanity. Liu Jian has had his work accepted for viewing on the international film festival circuit but due to political sensitivities has had permission to release his work internationally rescinded (for the time being) and some of his work has not been approved for release domestically as well. Even so, his work remains widely accessible on the Internet and social media. To a certain degree, this further exemplifies the constant condition of ‘renegotiation’ for the dissemination of independent animation, but it entails a more ‘front-on’ conflict with government.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Zhao, Yinan. (2013, March). Chinese dream is Xi’s vision. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013npc/2013-03/18/content_16315025.htm.

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    Farquhar, M. A. (1999). Children’s Literature in China: From Lu Xun to Mao Zedong: M.E. Sharpe, p. 23.

  3. 3.

    Zhang, Yingjin. (1997). ‘From “Minority Film” to “Minority Discourse”: Questions of Nationhood and Ethnicity in Chinese Cinema’, Cinema Journal, No. 36: 73–90, p. 74.

  4. 4.

    Clark P. (2012) Youth Culture in China: From Red Guards to Netizens: Cambridge University Press, p. 66.

  5. 5.

    Lu, B., Zheng, Y. & Niu, X. (Eds.). (2011). Zhongguo dongman chanye fazhan baogao [The Blue Book of Animation: Annual Report on the Development of China’s animation Industry 2011]. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press.

  6. 6.

    Lu, B., Zheng, Y. & Niu, X. (Eds.). (2011). Zhongguo dongman chanye fazhan baogao [The Blue Book of Animation: Annual Report on the Development of China’s animation Industry 2011]. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, p. 2.

  7. 7.

    Personal interview with Wang Chuan in Beijing, November 2012.

  8. 8.

    Mitry, J. (1997). The Aesthetics and Psychology of the Cinema: Indiana University Press, p. 13.

  9. 9.

    Wells, P. (2002), p. 71.

  10. 10.

    Wu, W. (2006), p. 161.

  11. 11.

    Zhang, H. L. (2002). The Artistic History of Chinese Animation in Twentieth Century. [Ershi shiji zhongguo meishu donghua yishu shi]. Xi An: Shaan Renmin Meishu Press, p. 146.

  12. 12.

    Wells, P. (2002), pp. 74–76.

  13. 13.

    Personal interview with Wang Chuan in Beijing, November 2012.

  14. 14.

    Personal interview with Wang Chuan in Beijing, November 2012.

  15. 15.

    A Japanese term or genre for comic and animation, generally described as ‘act before thinking’ that shares similarities with bushido heroism.

  16. 16.

    Personal interview with Wang Chuan in Beijing, November 2012.

  17. 17.

    Lebeau V. (2001) Psychoanalysis and Cinema: The Play of Shadows: Wallflower, p. 11.

  18. 18.

    ‘In terms of style and content, contemporary mainstream animation shows both continuity and departure from the past. These animated films seem to get their main inspiration from Disney-Pixar and Japanese animation, rather than early paper-cut-out or water-ink animation’.

  19. 19.

    Tai Chi Bagua Map 太极八卦图 the Supreme Ultimate and the Eight Diagrams contains 天 (heaven), 泽 (lake), 火 (fire), 雷 (thunder), 风 (wind), 水 (water), 山 (mountain) and 地 (earth); these are eight very important trigrams for the Chinese.

  20. 20.

    Personal interview with Wang Chuan in Beijing, November 2012.

  21. 21.

    Swale, A. (2015). Miyazaki Hayao and the Aesthetics of Imagination: Nostalgia and Memory in Spirited Away. Asian Studies Review, 39(3), pp. 413–429.

  22. 22.

    Galikowski, M. (1998), p. 137.

  23. 23.

    Wan, Laiming, and Wan, Guohun. (1986). Sun Wukong and Me [Wo yu sun wukong]. Taiyuan: Beiyue wenyi, p. 158.

  24. 24.

    Lent , J. A. (2001), p. 13.

  25. 25.

    Personal interview with Wang Chuan in Beijing, November 2012.

  26. 26.

    Freud, S. (1986). The Essentials of Psychoanalysis. London: Pelican Books, p. 436.

  27. 27.

    Wells, P. (1998), p. 155.

  28. 28.

    At the same time, ‘for Zizek, the artist’s intention is always crystal clear, even when the film’s form is not, and this authorial intention becomes a matter for ethical judgement outside of any formal consideration’ (Bird 2004, p. 368).

  29. 29.

    Liu, J. (2018). One Person’s Animation Film. Retrieved May 10, 2019, from https://v.qq.com/x/page/l0146xuru6x.html.

  30. 30.

    A Chinese social networking service website (unofficial) that allows registered users to record information and create content related to film, books, music, recent events and activities in Chinese cities.

  31. 31.

    Chen, J. (2018). Douban Film: [Cixing buliao zhuangshui de shidai tongdian]. Retrieved May 10, 2019, from https://movie.douban.com/review/9078381/.

  32. 32.

    Yixi is an independent media platform founded in 2012 in Beijing, also known as China’s TED Talk.

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Zhou, W. (2020). The Future Prospect of the Chinese Independent Animation Ecology. In: Chinese Independent Animation. Palgrave Animation. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40697-4_6

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