Abstract
European residential buildings are responsible for over a quarter of the total final energy use and can have a pivotal role in the success of Europe’s energy efficiency targets and climate change mitigation efforts. Several European directives and national regulations have introduced more strict energy performance requirements for new buildings. However, in order to reach the ambitious target of a decarbonised building stock by 2050, the focus is progressively shifted on the renovation of existing buildings. Building stock modelling is a valuable tool for mapping the current state and for accessing different energy conservation measures towards the national targets for 2030 and beyond. This work exploits a bottom-up model for the Hellenic residential building stock to estimate the energy use and access energy savings from various measures and renovation rates towards 2030. The calculations assess the energy performance of typical buildings, and the results are then projected to the building stock. For more realistic estimates of the energy use, the predictions are adapted using updated empirical factors. The model estimates the actual energy use for heating and domestic hot water with acceptable accuracy when compared against officially reported data. The results from the analysis of various scenarios reveal that the 2030 target may be reached with combined measures that improve the envelope and system performance, with relatively high annual renovation rates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Energy statistical country datasheets, EU Commission, DG Energy, Unit A4, July 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances
Clean energy for all Europeans package, European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-strategy-and-energy-union/clean-energy-all-europeans
Y. Saheb, S. Shnapp, D. Paci, From nearly-zero energy buildings to net-zero energy districts, Technical report EUR 29734 EN, 113 p., Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 2019. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC115188/kjna29734enn.pdf
EU Directive 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, Official Journal of the European Union L 156, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/844/oj
N.H. Sandberg, I. Sartori, O. Heidrich, R. Dawson, E. Dascalaki, S. Dimitriou, T. Vimmr, F. Filippidou, G. Stegnar, M.S. Zavrl, H. Brattebo, Dynamic building stock modelling: Application to 11 European countries to support the energy efficiency and retrofit ambitions of the EU. Energy Build 132, 26–38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.100
H. Visscher, E. Dascalaki, I. Sartori, Towards an energy efficient European housing stock: Monitoring, mapping and modelling retrofitting processes. Energy Build 132, 1–3 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.07.039
Analysis of the annual reports 2018 under the Energy Efficiency Directive. JRC 2019. Joint Research Centre, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC115238/kjna29667enn.pdf
National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), Energy, European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-strategy-and-energy-union/governance-energy-union/national-energy-climate-plans
EC Communication, (2019), 285 United in delivering the Energy Union and Climate Action – Setting the foundations for a successful clean energy transition: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1565713062913&uri=CELEX:52019DC0285
L. Gynther, B. Lapillonne, K. Pollier, Energy Efficiency Trends and Policies in the Household and Tertiary Sectors – An Analysis Based on the ODYSSEE and MURE Databases, 97 p., June 2015. http://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/br/energy-efficiency-trends-policies-buildings.pdf
Energy consumption in households, Eurostat, May 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_consumption_in_households
E.G. Dascalaki, C.A. Balaras, S. Kontoyiannidis, K.G. Droutsa, Modeling energy refurbishment scenarios for the Hellenic residential building stock towards the 2020 & 2030 targets. Energy Build 132, 74–90 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.06.003
ELSTAT, Buildings Census 2011 (Hellenic Statistical Authority, Athens, 2015). http://www.statistics.gr/census-buildings-2011
E.G. Dascalaki, C.A. Balaras, A.G. Gaglia, K.G. Droutsa, S. Kontoyiannidis, Energy performance of buildings – EPBD in Greece. Energy Policy 45, 469–477 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.058
E.G. Dascalaki, K.G. Droutsa, C.A. Balaras, S. Kontoyiannidis, Building typologies as a tool for assessing the energy performance of residential buildings – A case study for the Hellenic building stock. Energy Build 43, 3400–3409 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.002
ELSTAT, Survey on Energy Consumption in Households 2011–2012, (Hellenic Statistical Authority, Athens, 2013). Available in Greek: http://www.statistics.gr/statistics/-/publication/SFA40/
T. Maile, V. Bazjanac, M. Fischer, A method to compare simulated and measured data to assess building energy performance. Build. Environ. 56, 241–251 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.012
A.C. Menezes, A. Cripps, D. Bouchlaghem, R. Buswell, Predicted vs. actual energy performance of non-domestic buildings: Using post-occupancy evaluation data to reduce the performance gap. Appl. Energy 97, 355–364 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.075
C.A. Balaras, E.G. Dascalaki, K.G. Droutsa, S. Kontoyiannidis, Empirical assessment of calculated and actual heating energy use in Hellenic residential buildings. Appl. Energy 164, 115–132 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.027
M. Sunikka-Blank, R. Galvin, Introducing the prebound effect: The gap between performance and actual energy consumption. Build. Res. Inf. 40, 260–273 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2012.690952
D. Dineen, F. Rogan, B.P.O. Gallachoir, Improved modelling of thermal energy savings potential in the existing residential stock using a newly available data source. Energy 90(1), 759–767 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.105
D. Dineen, B.P.O. Gallachoir, Exploring the range of energy savings likely from energy efficiency retrofit measures in Ireland's residential sector. Energy 121, 126–134 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.024
R. Galvin, M. Sunikka-Blank, Quantification of (p)rebound effects in retrofit policies – Why does it matter? Energy 95, 415–424 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.034
B. Risholt, T. Berker, Success for energy efficient renovation of dwellings – Learning from private homeowners. Energy Policy 61, 1022–1030 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.011
YPEKA, Long Term Strategy Report mobilizing investments in the renovation of residential and commercial buildings, public and private, of the national building stock, Pursuant to Article 4 of Directive 2012/27/EU, Athens:Hellenic Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climatic Change, December 2014. Available online (in Greek): http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-directive/national-energy-efficiency-action-plans
Acknowledgement
Authors acknowledge the support of this work by the project “THESPIA II – Foundations of synergistic and integrated management methodologies and tools for monitoring and forecasting of environmental issues and pressures” (MIS 5002517) which is implemented under the action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure”, funded by the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund).
The national EPC repository (www.buildingcert.gr) has been developed and maintained by the Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy (YPEN) in collaboration with the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources. The authors wish to acknowledge YPEN for allowing access to the EPC database. The analysis presented herein does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Ministry.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dascalaki, E.G., Balaras, C.A., Droutsa, K.G., Kontoyiannidis, S., Livanas, G. (2020). Towards a Sustainable Refurbishment of the Hellenic Residential Building Stock. In: Dabija, AM. (eds) Energy Efficient Building Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40671-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40671-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-40670-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-40671-4
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)