Abstract
Dictyostelium cells are professional phagocytes that are capable of handling particles of variable shapes and sizes. Here we offer long bacteria that challenge the uptake mechanism to its limits and report on the responses of the phagocytes if they are unable to engulf the particle by closing the phagocytic cup. Reasons for failure may be a length of the particle much larger than the phagocyte’s diameter, or competition with another phagocyte. A cell may simultaneously release a particle and engulf another one. The final phase of release can be fast, causing the phagosome membrane to turn inside-out and to form a bleb. Myosin-II may be involved in the release by generating tension at the plasma membrane, it does however not accumulate on the phagosome to act there directly in expelling the particle. Labeling with GFP-2FYVE indicates that processing of the phagosome with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate begins at the base of a long phagosome already before closure of the cup. The decision of releasing the particle can be made even at the stage of the processed phagosome.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Martin Spitaler and his team at the Imaging Facility of the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry for cooperation, Petra Fey and dictyBase for providing information, and Marina Freudenberg, MPI for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg/Br., for the E. coli Re mutant, strain F 515.
The Max Planck Society funded this work.
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Movie 5.1
Uptake of a long E.coli bacterium into a Dictyostelium cell. Left: fluorescence images. The cell expresses mRFP-LimEΔ as a label for filamentous actin (red). Right: DIC bright-field images. The same cell is depicted in Fig. 5.1. The 0-s frame in the Movie corresponds to the 0-s frame in Fig. 5.1. Frame-to frame interval 1 s. Bar, 10 μm.
Movie 5.2
Phagosome processing in a Dictyostelium cell. Left: dual-color fluorescence images. The cell expresses mRFP-LimEΔ as a label for filamentous actin (red) and 2FYVE-GFP as a label for the early endosomal marker PI(3)P (green). Right: DIC bright-field images. The Movie shows the same cell as in Fig. 5.2. The 0-s frame in the Movie corresponds to the 0-s frame in the Figure. Frame-to frame interval 0.5 s. Bar, 10 μm.
Movie 5.3
Uptake and release of long bacteria by a Dictyostelium cell. Left: dual-color fluorescence images. The cell expresses mRFP-LimEΔ as a label for filamentous actin (red) and GFP-myosin II heavy chains (green). Right: DIC bright-field images. The Movie shows the same cell as Fig. 5.4. The 0-s frame in the Movie corresponds to the 781-s frame in Fig. 5.4. Frame-to frame interval 1 s. Bar, 10 μm.
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Prassler, J., Simon, F., Ecke, M., Gruber, S., Gerisch, G. (2020). Decision Making in Phagocytosis. In: Hallett, M. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Biology of Phagocytosis . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1246. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_5
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