Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Mud Volcanoes of the Black Sea Region and their Environmental Significance pp 277–307Cite as

Other Types of Degassing in the Black Sea

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 280 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of other types of degassing in the Black Sea. In addition to mud volcanoes, there are numerous areas where gas bubbles escape from the Black Sea floor; these are called gas seeps, acoustic (i.e., obtained using echo sounders or sonars and visible on echograms) plumes, gas torches (due to their cone-like shape on eco sounder images), or gas flares; these are all referred to in the chapter as gas seeps. They are localized on the periphery of the Black Sea, particularly in its northwestern part, on the Bulgarian and Kerch-Taman shelf (including the Kerch Strait), and along the coast of the Caucasus. Quite often, they are confined to paleo-deltas of the largest Black Sea rivers, the Danube, Dnieper, Dniester, and Don, and within the canyons formed by them. The deepest seeps are associated with faults and mud volcanoes in the central Black Sea basin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al’bov SV (1956) Mineral’nye istochniki Kryma (Mineral springs of Crimea). Krymizdat, Simferopol (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Artemov Yu G (2003) Acoustic observations of gas bubble streams in the NW Black Sea as a method for estimation of gas flux from vent sites. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6–11 April 2003, abstract id. 9421

    Google Scholar 

  • Artemov Yu G, Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG et al (2007) Methane emission to the hydro- and atmosphere by gas bubble streams in the Dnieper paleo-delta, the Black Sea. Marine Ecol J VI(3):5–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Chebanenko II, Gozhik PF, Yevdoshchuk NI et al (2003) Skhema glubinnykh razlomov na uchastkakh Krymskogo i Kavkazskogo poberezhiy Chernogo morya (The scheme of deep faults in the areas of the Crimean and Caucasian coasts of the Black Sea). Geologicheskiy zhurnal 1:54–58 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernyak NI, Bogaets AT, Gordievich VA et al (1974) Neftegazonosnost. Geologiya SSSR. Krym. Poleznye iskopaemye (Oil and gas content. Geology of the USSR. Crimea. Minerals), v. 8. Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chochov SD (1987) Methane-bearing clays in the western half of the Black Sea. Comptes rendus de l’Acad. Bulgare des. Science 40(3):81–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Çifçi G, Dondurur D, Ergün M (2003) Deep and shallow structures of large pockmarks in the Turkish Shelf, eastern Black Sea. Geo-Mar Lett 23(3–4):311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark JF, Leifer I, Washburn L et al (2003) Compositional changes in natural gas bubble plumes: observations from the coal oil point marine hydrocarbon seep field. Geo-Mar Lett 23(3–4):187–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrov L (1990) Form tipa kraterov na dne Chernogo more. Bulgarian Acad Sci Bull 43(5):37–39 (in Bulgarian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrov L (2002) Contribution to atmospheric methane by natural seepages on the Bulgarian continental shelf. Cont Shelf Res 22(16):2429–2442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrov L, Doncheva V (1994) Seabed pockmarks in the southern Bulgarian Black Sea zone. Bull Geol Soc Den 41(1):24–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrov P, Dachev V, Nikolov H et al (1979) Estestvenni gazovi izvori v akvatoriyata na Balchshkiya zaliv (Natural gas seepages in the offshore area of Balchik Bay). Oceanologiya 4:43–49 (in Bulgarian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Egorov VN, Luth U, Luth C et al (1998) Gas seeps in the submarine Dnieper Canyon, Black Sea: acoustic, video and trawl data. MEGASEEPS Gas Explorations in the Black Sea, Project Report. Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung der Universität Hamburg, pp 11–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG, Gulin SB et al (2003) Sovremennye predstavleniya o sredoobrazuyushchey i ekologicheskoy roli struynykh metanovykh gazovydeleniy so dna Chernogo morya (Modern ideas about the environmental and ecological role of jet methane gas emissions from the bottom of the Black Sea). Morskoy ekologicheskiy zhurnal 2(3):5–26 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Egorov VN, Artemov YuG, Gulin SB (2011) Metanovye sipy v Chernom more. Sredoobrasuyushchaya i ekologicheskaya rol’. Sevastopol’ (Methane seeps in the Black Sea. Environmental and ecological role). EKOSI-gidrofisika, Sevastopol (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eremeev VM, Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG et al (2007) Novі struminnі gazovі vidіlennya іz dna morya v akvatorії Sevastopolya (New stream gas flow from the sea bottom in the water area of Sevastopol). Visnuk NANU 4:47–50 (in Ukrainian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ergün M, Dondurur DC, Çifçi G (2002) Acoustic evidence for shallow gas accumulations in the sediments of the Eastern Black Sea. Terra Nova 14(5):313–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gevorkyan VH, Burakov VI, Isagulova UK et al (1991) Gazovmeshchayushchie postroyki na dne severo-zapadnoy chasti Chernogo morya (Gas-bearing buildings at the bottom of the northwestern part of the Black Sea). Doklady AN USSR 297(4):80–85 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Glebov AYu, Kruglyakova RP, Shelting SK (2001) Estestvennoe vydelenie gazov v Chernom more (Natural gas emissions in the Black Sea). Razvedka i okhrana nedr 8:19–23 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulin SB, Polikarpov GG, Egorov VN (2003) The age of microbial carbonate structures grown at methane seeps in the Black Sea with an implication of dating of the seeping methane. Mar Chem 84(1–2):67–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hovland M (2002) On the self-sealing nature of marine seeps. Cont Shelf Res 22(16):2387–2394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov MV, Polikarpov GG, Lein AY (1991) Biogeochemistry of the carbon cycle in the area of methane gas emission of the Black Sea. Doklady Acad Sci USSR 3(5):1235–1240

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov MV, Pimenov NV, Rusanov II et al (2002) Microbial processes of the methane cycle at the north-western shelf of the Black Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 54(3):589–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judd AG, Hovland M, Dimitrov LI et al (2002) The geological methane budget at continental margins and its influence on climate change. Geofluids 2(2):109–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler JD, Reeburgh WS, Southon J (2006) Basin-wide estimates of the input of methane from seeps and clathrates to the Black Sea. Earth Planet Sci Lett 243(3–4):366–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khrischev Kh (1981) Geologicheskaya obstanovka metanoobrazovaniya v osadkakh Yuzhnobolgarskogo chernomorskogo shelfa (Geological conditions of methane formation in the sediments of the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea shelf). Geologica Balcanica 11(4):57–78 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Korsakov OD, Byakov UA, Stupak SN (1989) Gazovye gidraty Chernomorskoy vpadiny (Gas hydrates of the Black Sea basin). Soviet Geol 12:3–10 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krastel S, Spiess V, Ivanov M et al (2003) Acoustic investigation of mud volcanoes in the Sorokin trough, Black Sea. Geo-Mar Lett 23(3–4):230–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lein AY (2005) Potoki metana iz kholodnykh metanovykh sipov Chernogo i Norvezhskogo morey: kolichestvennye otsenki (Methane flows from the cold methane seeps of the Black and Norwegian Seas: quantitative estimates). Geokhimiya 4:438–453 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lein AY, Ivanov MV (2005) Krupneyshiy na Zemle metanovyy vodoem (The largest methane reservoir on Earth). Priroda 2:19–26 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lein AYu, Ivanov MV, Pimenov NV (2002) Potoki metana iz kholodnykh metanovykh sipov Dneprovskogo kanyona v Chernom more (Currents of methane from cold methane seeps in the Dnieper canyon in the Black Sea). Doklady Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk 387(2):242–244 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis W, Seifert R, Nauhaus K et al (2002) Microbial reefs in the Black Sea fueled by anaerobic oxidation of methane. Science 297(5583):1013–1015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muratov MV, Sidorenko AV, Chernyak NI (eds) (1974) Geologiya SSSR. Mineraly (geology USSR. Minerals). Geologiya SSSR, v. 8. Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Naudts L, Greinert J, Artemov Y et al (2006) Geological and morphological setting of 2778 methane seeps in the Dnepr paleo-delta, northwestern Black Sea. Mar Geol 227(3–4):177–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palii A, Gelev S, Yankov K (1951) Geological framework and oil and gas perspectives of the Varna region. Open field work report, National Geofond, Sofia (in Bulgarian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasynkov AA, Tikhonenkov EP, Smagin YuV (2009) Gazovye fakely na dne tsentralnoy chasti Azovskogo morya (Gas torches at the bottom of the central part of the Azov Sea). Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana 1:77–79 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasynkov AA, Voronov SA, Blintsov VS et al (2012) Morfostrukturnye osobennosti morskogo dna na uchastkakh gazoproyavleniy v severo-zapadnoy chasti Chernogo morya (Morphostructural features of the seabed in the gas manifestation areas in the northwestern part of the Black Sea). Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana 4:82–87 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasynkova LA (1999) Obshchie kriterii geodinamicheskoy ustoychivosti landshaftnykh geosistem kontinentalnogo sklona Chernogo morya (General criteria for geodynamic stability of landscape geosystems of the continental slope of the Black Sea). Kultura narodov Prichernomorya Nauchnyy zhurnal 11:7–12 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasynkova LA (2001) Morfogenez i morfostrukturnoe rayonirovanie Ukrainskogo sektora kontinentalnogo sklona Chernogo morya (Morphogenesis and morphostructural zoning of the Ukrainian sector of the continental slope of the Black Sea). In: Ivanov VA (ed) Sbornik nauchnykh trudov “Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost pribrezhnoy i shelfovoy zon i kompleksnoe ispolzovaniya resursov shelfa,” issue 2, MGI, Sevastopol, pp 202–211 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Polikarpov GG, Egorov VN (1989) Viyavleno aktivni gazovidilennya z dna Chornogo morya (Active gas releases from the Black Sea bottom have been discovered). Visnyk AN USSR 10:108–111 (in Ukrainian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Polikarpov GG, Egorov VN, Nezhdanov AI et al (1989) Yavleniya aktivnogo gazovydeleniya iz podnyatiy na svale glubiny zapadnoy chasti Chernogo morya (Phenomena of active gas emission from uplifts at a sharp drop in depth of the western part of the Black Sea). Doklady AN USSR 12:13–16 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Polikarpov GG, Ivanov MV, Gulin SB et al (1993) Deponirovanie ugleroda metana v karbonatnykh bakterialnykh postroykakh na svale glubin serovodorodnoy zony Chernogo moray (Deposition of methane carbon in carbonate bacterial structures on the build-up of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Black Sea). Doklady AN USSR 7:93–94 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryazanov AK (1996) Gaz i gazovye tumany na shelfe Chernogo morya (Gas and gas fogs on the Black Sea shelf). Doklady AN USSR 4:90–94 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryzhkov SS, Blintsov VS, Egorov YuD et al (2011) Stvorennya unіversalnikh transportnikh suden ta zasobіv okeanotekhnіki (Creation of universal transport vessels and means of ocean engineering). NUK, Nikolaev (in Ukrainian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimkus KM, Moskalenko VN, Ryan WB et al (1998) Gazonosnye chetvertichnye otlozheniya prikerchenskoy chasti Chernomorskogo shelfa i ikh svyaz s pribrezhnymi litofatsiyami (Gas-bearing quaternary deposits of the Prikerchenskaya part of the Black Sea shelf and their connection with coastal lithofacies). Byull Mosk Obshch Ispyt Prir Otd Geol 73(4):51–55 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Naumenko PI, Lebedev YuS et al (1971) Gryazevoy vulkanizm i rudoobrazovanie (Mud volcanism and ore formation). Naukova Dumka, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Orlovskiy GN, Usenko VP et al (1974) Geologiya Azovskogo morya (Geology of the Sea of Azov). Naukova Dumka, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Ivannikov AV, Bezborodov AA (1990) Rezultaty geologicheskikh issledovaniy 51-go reysa v Chernoe more R/V “Mikhail Lomonosov” (The results of geological studies of the 51st voyage to the Black Sea of the R/V “Mikhail Lomonosov”). Preprint IGN No 90-8, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Vorob’ev AI, Grigor’ev AV et al (1995) Predpolagaemyy gryazevoy vulkan v glubokovodnoy chasti Chernogo moray (Estimated mud volcano in the deep water of the Black Sea). Doklady AN USSR 12:62–65 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Shcherbakov IB, Shnyukova EE (1997) Paleoostrovnaya duga severa Chernogo moray (Paleo-island arc of the north of the Black Sea). Chernobyl’inform, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Inozemtsev YuI, Maslakov NA (1999) Geologiya, istoriya razvitiya rechnoy seti na severo-zapade Chernogo morya (Geology, history of the development of the river network in the northwest of the Black Sea). OMGOR NAN Ukrainy, pp 238–244 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Ivannikov AV, Inozemtsev YuI et al (2003) Litologo-stratigraficheskaya kharakteristika donnykh otlozheniy krymskogo shelfa i glubokovodnoy chasti Chernogo morya (Lithological-stratigraphic characteristics of bottom sediments of the Crimean shelf and the deep part of the Black Sea). Geologicheskiy zhurnal 1:9–23 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Starostenko VI, Rusakov OM et al (2005) Glubinnaya priroda gazovykh fakelov zapadnoy chasti Chernogo morya po rezultatam geofizicheskikh issledovaniy (The deep nature of the gas flares of the western part of the Black Sea according to the results of geophysical studies). Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana 1:70–82 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Ivannikov AV, Inozemtsev YuI et al (2007) Geologiya kontinentalnoy okrainy Chernogo morya (geology of the continental margin of the Black Sea). OMGOR, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Pasynkov AA, Lyubitskiy AA et al (2010) Gryazevye vulkany na Prikerchenskom uchaste shelfa i materikovogo sklona Chernogo moray (Mud volcanoes on the Prikerchensky section of the shelf and continental slope of the Black Sea). Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye mirovogo okeana 3:28–36 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Kobolev VP, Pasynkov AA (2013) Gazovyy vulkanizm Chernogo morya (Gas volcanism of the Black Sea). Logos, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shnyukov EF, Inozemtsev Yu I, Kukovskaya TS et al (2014) Geologo-okeanologicheskie issledovaniya v Chernom more (NIS “Professor Vodyanitskiy” 2013 g., 73 reys) (Geological and oceanological research in the Black Sea [R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky” 2013, 73rd voyage]). Logos, Kiev (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov VA (1965) Protsessy obrazovaniya i migratsii nefti i gaza (the processes of formation and migration of oil and gas). Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Solovyev VA (2001) Gazogidratonosnost’ nedr Mirovogo okeana (Gas hydrate potential of the World Ocean). Gazovaya promyshlennost’ 12:19–23 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tkeshelashvili GI, Egorov VN, Mestvirishvili ShA et al (1997) Metanovye vydeleniya so dna Chernogo morya v priustevoy zone r.Supsa u poberezhya Gruzii (Methane emissions from the Black Sea bottom in the mouth zone of the Supsa River at the coast of Georgia). Geokhimiya 3:331–335 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tretyakov MB (1993) Novye nakhodki predpolagaemykh gryazevykh vulkanov v akvatorii Chernogo morya (New discoveries of alleged mud volcanoes in the Black Sea). Geologicheskiy zhurnal 3:141 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tugolesov DA, Gorshkov AS, Meisner LB et al (1985) Tektonika mezo-kaynozoyskiy otlozheniy Chernomorskoy vpadiny (Tectonics of the Meso-Cenozoic sediments of the Black Sea Basin). Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ussler W III, Paull CK, Boucher J et al (2003) Submarine pockmarks: a case study from Belfast Bay, Maine. Mar Geol 202(3–4):175–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vassilev A, Dimitrov L (2002) Spatial and quantity evaluation of the Black Sea gas hydrates. Russ Geol Geophys 43(7):637–649

    Google Scholar 

  • Vassilev A, Dimitrov L, Avramov S et al (1996) Kompleksno geofizichno izsledvane na gazovite izvori v rayona na Aladzha banka (Complex geophysical study of the gas springs in the region of Aladzha bank). Izvestiya na Syuza na uchenite 24(1):30–34 (in Bulgarian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanko V (also Yanko-Hombach V), Kulakova I, Kravchuk A (2014) Vliyaniye metana na donnyye ekosistyemy Chernogo morya (Influence of methane on bottom ecosystems of the Black Sea). In: Proceedings of the All-Russian Conference “Methane in marine ecosystems,” 13–15 October 2014, Sevastopol, Crimea, pp 134–137 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanko V (also Yanko-Hombach V), Kravchuk AO, Kulakova II (2017) Meiobentos metanovykh vykhodov Chernogo morya (Meiobenthos of methane outlets of the Black Sea). Phenix, Odessa (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Geology and the Sedimentary Ore Formation (OMGOR NASU), recently renamed the Center for Problems of Marine Geology, Geoecology and Sedimentary Ore Formation of the NASU, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Kiev, Ukraine

    Evgeny Shnyukov

  2. Department of Physical and Marine Geology, Odessa I.I.Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine

    Valentina Yanko-Hombach

Authors
  1. Evgeny Shnyukov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Valentina Yanko-Hombach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shnyukov, E., Yanko-Hombach, V. (2020). Other Types of Degassing in the Black Sea. In: Mud Volcanoes of the Black Sea Region and their Environmental Significance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40316-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation