Abstract
This chapter represents a case study that reviews research into the relationship between meiobenthos distribution and concentrations of hydrocarbon gases (HG), primarily methane, in the sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, including gases released by mud volcanoes and gas seeps. Evidence forming the basis of this research comes from meiobenthos here represented by 29 species of benthic foraminifers, 7 species of ostracods, and 44 species of nematodes. The potential use of these meiobenthic organisms as indicators of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed is evaluated according to two linked axes, namely, the dual analysis of abiotic factors (physical and chemical parameters of the water column, gasmetrical, geochemical, lithological, and mineralogical properties of the sediments) and biotic characteristics (quantitative and taxonomic composition of foraminifers, nematodes, and ostracods). Studies of this kind have been directed toward developing interdisciplinary methods to improve the search for HG accumulations, especially methane, under the seabed. Development of such methods might have substantial socioeconomic importance for the economy of Ukraine as well as that of other Black Sea countries, and such methods might also contribute to the sustainable development of Black Sea ecosystems.
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Appendices
Appendices
11.1.1 Appendix 1: Taxonomic List of Foraminifera
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Regnum Chromista
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Subregnum Harosa
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Interregnum Rhizaria
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Type Foraminifera
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Order Lituolida
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Family Haplophragmoididae Maync, 1952
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Genus Labrospira Höglund, 1947
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Labrospira sp.
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Order Ataxophragmiida Furssenko, 1958
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Family Eggerellidae Cushman, 1937
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Genus Eggerella Cushman, 1933
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Eggerelloides scaber (Williamson), 1858
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Order Miliolida Lankester, 1885
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Family Miliolidae Ehrenberg, 1839
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Genus Pateoris Loeblich et Tappan, 1953
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Pateoris dilatatus (d’Orbigny), 1839
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Order Miliolinella Wiesner, 1931
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Family Hauerinidae Schwager, 1876
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Genus Miliolinella Wiesner, 1931, emended Luczkowska, 1972
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Miliolinella selene (Karrer), 1868
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Order Lagenida Delage and Hérouard, 1896
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Family Glandulonodosariidae Silvestri, 1901
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Genus Orthomorphina Stainforth, 1952
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Orthomorphina calomorpha (Reuss), 1866
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Orthomorphina filiformis (d’Orbigny), 1826
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Genus Lagena Walker et Jacob in Kanmacher, 1798
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Lagena vulgaris Williamson, 1858
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Family Glandulinidae Reuss, 1860
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Genus Esosyrinx Loeblich et Tappan, 1953
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Esosyrinx jatzkoi Yanko, 1974
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Esosyrinx undulosus (Terquem), 1878
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Genus Laryngosigma Loeblich et Tappan, 1953
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Laryngosigma williamsoni (Terquem), 1878
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Genus Entоlingulina Loeblich et Tappan, 1961
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Entоlingulina deplanata Yanko, 1974
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Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850
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Fissurina fragilis Troitskaja, 1987
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Fissurina lucida (Williamson), 1858
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Fissurina solida Seguenza, 1862
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Genus Parafissurina Parr, 1947
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Parafissurina dzemetinica Yanko, 1974
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Parafissurina ex gr. lateralis (Cushman, 1913)
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Order Rotaliida Delage et Herouard, 1896
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Family Nonionidae Schultze, 1854
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Genus Nonion Mortfort, 1808
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Nonion matagordanus Kornfeld, 1931
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Family Ammoniidae Saidova, 1981
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Genus Ammonia Brunnich, 1772
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Ammonia ammoniformis (d’Orbigny), 1826
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Ammonia compacta Hofker, 1969
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Ammonia tepida (Cushman), 1928
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Family Canaliferidae Krasheninnikov, 1960
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Genus Canalifera
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Canalifera parkerae (Yanko), 1974
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Family Elphidiidae Galloway, 1933
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Genus Porosononion Putrja in Voloshinova, 1958
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Porosononion martkobi ponticus Yanko, 1989
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Genus Haynesina Banner et Culver, 1978
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Haynesina anglica (Murray), 1965
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Genus Elphidium Montfort 1808
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Elphidium ponticum Dolgopolskaya et Pauli, 1931
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Genus Cribroelphidium Cushman et Bronnimann, 1948
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Cribroelphidium poeyanum (d’Orbigny)
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Cribroelphidium translucens (Natland), 1938
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Family Buliminidae Jones, in Griffith et al. (1875)
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Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826
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Bulimina elongata d’Orbigny, 1826
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Family Bolivinidae Cushman, 1927
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Genus Bolivina d’Orbigny, 1839
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Bolivina variabilis (Williamson), 1858
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11.1.2 Appendix 2: Taxonomic List of Ostracoda
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Regnum Animalia
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Type Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848
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Subtype Crustacea Brünnich, 1772
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Superclass Oligostraca Zrzavý, Hypša & Vlášková, 1997
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Class Ostracoda Latreille, 1802
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Order Podocopida G.O. Sars, 1866
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Family Candonidae Kaufmann, 1900
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Genus Graviacypris Baird, 1845
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Graviacypris elongata (Schweyer, 1949)
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Family Leptocytheridae Hanai, 1957
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Genus Callistocythere Ruggieri, 1953
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Callistocythere diffusa (Müller, 1894)
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Family Trachyleberididae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948
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Genus Hiltermannicythere Bassiouni, 1970
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Hiltermannicythere rubra (Müller, 1894)
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Family Cytheromatidae Elofson, 1939
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Genus Cytheroma Müller, 1894
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Cytheroma aff. marinovi Schornikov, 1969
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Family Loxoconchidae Sars, 1925
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Genus Loxoconcha Sars, 1866
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Loxoconcha sublepida Stepanaitys, 1962
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Genus Palmoconcha Swain and Gilby, 1974
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Palmoconcha granulata (Sars, 1866)
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Family Xestoleberididae Sars, 1928
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Genus Xestoleberis Sars, 1866
-
Xestoleberis cornelii Caraion, 1963
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11.1.3 Appendix 3: Taxonomic List of Nematoda
-
Regnum Animalia
-
Type Nematoda
-
Class Enoplea Inglis, 1983
-
Order Enoplida Filipjev, 1929
-
Family Oncholaimidae Filipjev, 1916
-
Genus Viscosia de Man, 1890
-
Viscosia minor Filipjev, 1918
-
Viscosia glabra (Bastian, 1865)
-
-
Genus Metoncholaimus Filipjev, 1918
-
Metoncholaimus demani (zur Strassen, 1894)
-
-
-
Family Thoracostomopsidae Filipjev, 1927
-
Genus Oxyonchus Filipjev, 1927
-
Oxyonchus dubius (Filipjev, 1918)
-
-
-
Family Enchelidiidae Filipjev, 1918
-
Genus Symplocostoma Bastian, 1865
-
Symplocostoma ponticum Filipjev, 1918
-
-
-
Family Leptosomatidae Filipjev, 1916
-
Genus Leptosomatides Filipjev, 1918
-
Leptosomatides euxinus Filipjev, 1918
-
-
-
Family Oxystominidae Chitwood, 1935
-
Genus Oxystomina Filipjev, 1921
-
Oxystomina clavicauda (Filipjev, 1921)
-
-
Genus Halalaimus de Man, 1888
-
Halalaimus ponticus Filipjev, 1922
-
Halalaimus sp.
-
-
-
Family Rhabdodemaniidae Filipjev, 1934
-
Genus Rhabdodemania Baylis et Daubney, 1926
-
Rhabdodemania aff. pontica Platonova, 1965
-
-
-
-
-
Class Chromadorea Inglis, 1983
-
Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933
-
Family Chromadoridae Filipjev, 1917
-
Genus Neochromadora Micoletzky, 1924
-
Neochromadora sabulicola (Fi1iрjеv, 1918)
-
Neochromadora sp.
-
-
Genus Chromadorita Filipjev, 1922
-
Chromadorita gracilis Filipjev, 1922
-
-
Genus Рrochromadorella Micoletzky, 1924
-
Рrochromadorella mediterranea Micoletzky, 1922
-
-
Genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886
-
Euchromadora striata (Eberth, 1863)
-
-
-
Family Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918
-
Genus Cyatholaimus Bastian, 1865
-
Cyatholaimus gracilis (Eberth 1863)
-
-
Genus Paracanthonchus Micoletzky, 1924
-
Paracanthonchus caecus (Bastian, 1865)
-
-
Genus Pomponema Filipjev, 1922
-
Pomponema aff. multipapillatum (Filipjev, 1922)
-
-
-
-
Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965
-
Family Desmodoridae Filipjev 1922
-
Genus Desmodora de Man, 1889
-
Desmodora pontica Filipjev, 1922
-
-
-
-
Order Monhysterida Filipjev 1929
-
Family Monhysteridae de Man, 1876
-
Genus Monhystera Bastian, 1865
-
Monhystera longicapitata Filipjev, 1922а
-
Monhystera sp.1
-
Monhystera sp.2
-
Monhystera sp.3
-
-
-
Family Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951
-
Genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920
-
Daptonema longicaudatum (Filipjev, 1922
-
-
-
Family Sphaerolaimidae Filipjev, 1918
-
Genus Sphaerolaimus Bastian, 1865
-
Sphaerolaimus gracilis de Man, 1884
-
Sphaerolaimus ostreae Filipjev, 1918
-
-
Genus Parasphaerolaimus Ditlevsen, 1918
-
Parasphaerolaimus dispar Filipjev, 1918
-
-
-
Family Linhomoeidae Filipjev, 1922
-
Genus Terschellingia de Man, 1888
-
Terschellingia pontica Filipjev, 1918
-
Terschellingia longicaudata de Man,1907
-
Terschellingia sp.1.
-
Terschellingia sp.2
-
-
Genus Linhomoeus Bastian, 1865
-
Linhomoeus hirsutus (Bastian, 1865)
-
-
Genus Paralinhomoeus de Man, 1907
-
Paralinhomoeus filiformis (Filipjev 1918)
-
Paralinhomoeus aff. ostrearum Filipjev, 1918
-
Paralinhomoeus sp.
-
-
-
-
Order Areolaimida De Coninck et Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1933
-
Family Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918
-
Genus Sabatieria Rouville, 1903
-
Sabatieria abyssalis (Filipjev, 1918)
-
Sabatieria pulchra (Schneider, 1906)
-
Sabatieria longicaudata Filipjev, 1922
-
-
-
Family Camacolaimidae Micoletzky, 1924
-
Genus Camacolaimus de Man, 1889
-
Camacolaimus aff. zostericola (Filipjev, 1918)
-
-
-
-
Order Desmoscolecida Filipjev 1929
-
Family Desmoscolecidae Shipleyr, 1896
-
Genus Desmoscolex Claparède, 1863
-
Desmoscolex bacescui (Paladin et Andriescu, 1963)
-
-
Genus Tricoma Соbb, 1894
-
Tricoma nematoides (Greeff, 1869)
-
-
Genus Quadricoma Filipjev, 1922
-
Quadricoma loricata Filipjev, 1922
-
Quadricoma steineri Filipjev, 1922
-
Nematoda sp.
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Shnyukov, E., Yanko-Hombach, V. (2020). Black Sea Methane and Marine Biota (Case Study). In: Mud Volcanoes of the Black Sea Region and their Environmental Significance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40316-4_11
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