Abstract
Enquiry into the impact of transnational marriage on ‘integration’ requires clarity on the nature of integration processes and on the many factors known from earlier research to impact on them. Only in this way can we identify the potential relevance of marriage with a partner from abroad among the many other factors at play. In this chapter we set out our distinct, holistic definition of integration; and a heuristic model of integration processes across structural, social, cultural and civic political domains, and in relation to identity, on which our research design and analysis is based. The model highlights the importance of ‘effectors’ that can facilitate or impede integration processes, identified in the empirical data presented in later chapters.
This chapter takes forward analysis first published in Spencer, S., & Charsley, K. (2016). Conceptualising integration: A framework for empirical research, taking marriage migration as a case study. Comparative Migration Studies, 4(18).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 167–191.
Alba, R., & Foner, N. (2015). Strangers no more: Immigration and the challenges of integration in North America and Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Alba, R., & Nee, V. (1997). Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration. International Migration Review, 31(4), 826–874.
Ambrosini, M., & Abbatecola, E. (2004). Immigrazione e metropoli. Un confronto Europeo. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Anthias, F., & Pajnic, M. (Eds.). (2014). Contesting integration, engendering migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Charsley, K. (2013). Transnational Pakistani connections: Marrying ‘back home’. London: Routledge.
Charsley, K., & Liversage, A. (2015). Silenced husbands: Muslim marriage migration and masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 18(4), 489–508.
Commission on Integration and Cohesion (CIC). (2007). Our shared future. Communities and Local Government Publications.
Cook, M. L. (2013). Is incorporation of unauthorized immigrants possible? Inclusion and contingency for non-status migrants and legal immigrants. In J. Hochschild, J. Chattopadhyay, C. Gay, & M. Jones-Correa (Eds.), Outsiders no more? Models of immigrant political incorporation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cooke, T. J. (2008). Migration in a family way. Population, Space and Place, 14(4), 255–265.
Crul, M., & Vermeulen, H. (2003). The second generation in Europe. International Migration Review, 37(4), 965–986.
Crul, M., Schneider, J., & Lelie, F. (Eds.). (2012). The European second generation compared: Does the integration context matter? Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
De Haas, H. (2006). Migration, remittances and regional development in Southern Morocco. Geoforum, 37(4), 565–580.
De Haas, H., & Fokkema, T. (2011). The effects of integration and transnational ties on international return migration intentions. Demographic Research, 25(24), 755–782.
Decimo, F. (2005). Quando Emigrano le Donne. Percorsi e Reti Femminili Della Mobilità Transnazionale. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Dustman, C., Fabbri, F., Preston, I., & Wadsworth, J. (2003). Labour market performance of immigrants in the UK labour market (Report 05/03). London: Home Office.
Entzinger, H. (2000). The dynamics of integration policies: A multidimensional model. In R. Koopmans & P. Statham (Eds.), Challenging immigration and ethnic relations politics: Comparative European perspectives (pp. 97–118). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Erdal, M. B., & Oeppen, C. (2013). Migrant balancing acts: Understanding the interactions between integration and transnationalism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(6), 867–884.
Favell, A. (2010). Integration and nations: the nation-state and research on immigrants in Western Europe. In M. Martiniello & J. Rath (Eds.), Selected studies in international migration and immigrant incorporation. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. (Article first published in Comparative Social Research, 22(2003), 13–42.)
Fennema, M., & Tillie, J. (2004). Do immigrant politics matter? Ethnic civic communities and immigrant policies in Amsterdam, Liege, and Zurich. In R. Penninx, K. Krall, M. Martiniello, & S. Vertovec, (Eds.), Citizenship in European cities: Immigrants, local politics, and integration policies. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Fog Olwig, K. (2011). ‘Integration’: Migrants and refugees between Scandinavian welfare societies and family relations. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(2), 179–196.
Garbaye, R. (2004). Ethnic minority local councillors in French and British cities: Social determinants and political opportunity structures. In R. Penninx, K. Krall, M. Martiniello, & S. Vertovec (Eds.), Citizenship in European cities: Immigrants, local politics, and integration policies. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Gedalof, I. (2007). Unhomely homes: Women, family and belonging in UK discourses of migration and asylum. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(1), 77–94.
Gidley, B., & Caputo, M. L. (2013). Residential integration—Towards a sending country perspective (INTERACT Research Report 2013/04). Oxford: COMPAS; Florence: EUI.
GLA. (2018). All of us: The mayor’s strategy for social integration. Greater London Authority. https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/communities/all-us-mayors-strategy-social-integration. Accessed 24 July 2019.
Heckmann, F., & Schnapper, D. (Eds.). (2003). The integration of immigrants in European societies: National differences and trends of convergence. Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius.
Heckmann, F., et al. (2006). Integration and integration policies: IMISCOE network feasibility study. Amsterdam: IMISCOE.
Hochschild, J., Chattopadhyay, J., Gay, C., & Jones-Correa, M. (2013). Outsiders no more? Models of immigrant political incorporation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Johnson-Hanks, J. (2002). On the limits of life stages in ethnography: Toward a theory of vital conjunctures. American Anthropologist, 104(3), 865–880.
Joppke, C. (2013). Tracks of immigrant political incorporation. In J. Hochschild, J. Chattopadhyay, C. Gay, & M. Jones-Correa (Eds.), Outsiders no more? Models of immigrant political incorporation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Joppke, C., & Morawska, E. (2003). Integrating immigrants in liberal nation-states: Policies and practices. In C. Joppke & E. Morawska (Eds.), Toward assimilation and citizenship: Immigrants in liberal nation states. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kloosterman, R., & Rath, J. (Eds.). (2003). Immigrant entrepreneurs: Venturing abroad in the age of globalisation. Oxford and New York: Berg.
Kofman, E., Phizacklea, A., Raghuram, P., & Sales, R. (2000). Gender and international migration in Europe. London and New York: Taylor and Francis.
Koopmans, R. (2010). Trade-offs between equality and difference: Immigrant integration, multiculturalism and the welfare state in cross-national perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(1), 1–26.
Martinello, M. (2013). Comparisons in migration studies. Comparative Migration Studies, 1(1), 7–22.
Martiniello, M., & Rath, J. (Eds.). (2010). Selected studies in international migration and immigrant incorporation. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Maxwell, R. (2012). Ethnic minority migrants in Britain and France: Integration trade-offs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McDonald, S., & Elder, G. H. (2006). When does social capital matter? Non-searching for jobs across the life course. Social Forces, 85(1), 521–549.
Migrant Rights Network. (2014). The family migration income threshold: Pricing UK workers out of a family life. London: Migrants’ Rights Network. https://migrantsrights.org.uk/blog/2017/02/23/family-migration-income-threshold-pricing-uk-workers-family-life/. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Modood, T. (2012). Post immigration ‘difference’ and integration. London: British Academy. https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/publications/post-immigration-difference-and-integration-case-muslims-western-europe. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Modood, T., Berthoud, R., Lakey, J., Nazroo, J., Smith, P., Virdee, S., & Beishon, S., (1997). Ethnic minorities in Britain: Diversity and disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute. http://www.psi.org.uk/pdf/Ethnic%20Minorities%20In%20Britain_small_file.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Oliver, C. (2013). The impact of restrictions and entitlements on the integration of family migrants. Oxford: COMPAS. https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/PR-2013-IMPACIM_Comparative.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Özdemir, C., Özcan, V., Uslucan, H. H., Uslucan, Ş., & Erdem, E. (2004). Die Situation der türkischstämmigen Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Gutachten im Auftrag des Sachverständigenrates für Zuwanderung und Integration. Berlin: BAMF.
Penninx, R., & Garcés-Mascareñas, B. (2016). The concept of integration as an analytical tool and as a policy concept. In B. Garcés-Mascareñas & R. Penninx (Eds.), Integration processes and policies in Europe: Contexts, levels and actors (pp. 11–29). Heidelberg: Springer. http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319216737.
Penninx, R., & Martiniello, M. (2004). Integration processes and policies: State of the art and lessons. In R. Penninx, K. Kraal, M. Martiniello, & S. Vertovec (Eds.), Citizenship in European cities: Immigrants, local politics and integration policies. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Phillimore, J. (2012). Implementing integration in the UK: Lessons for integration theory, policy and practice. Policy & Politics, 40(4), 525–545.
Platts-Fowler, D., & Robinson, D. (2015). A place for integration: Refugee experiences in two English cities. Population, Space and Place, 21(5), 476–491.
Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The new second generation: Segmented assimilation and its variants among post-1965 immigrant youth. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 530(1), 74–96.
Portes, A., Fernandez-Kelly, P., & Haller, W. (2005). Segmented assimilation on the ground: The new second generation in early adulthood. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(6), 1000–1040.
Robinson, D., & Reeve, K. (2006). Neighbourhood experiences of new immigration. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Rudiger, A., & Spencer, S. (2003, January). Social integration of migrants and ethnic minorities: Policies to combat discrimination. Paper Presented at OECD/European Commission Conference, The Economic and Social Aspects of Migration. http://www.oecd.org/migration/mig/15516956.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Rytter, M. (2010). ‘The family of Denmark’ and ‘the Aliens’: Kinship images in Danish integration politics. Ethnos, 75(3), 301–322.
Rytter, M. (2012). Between preferences: Marriage and mobility among Danish Pakistani youth. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 18(3), 572–590.
Rytter, M. (2018). Writing against integration: Danish imaginaries of culture, race and belonging. Ethnos, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2018.1458745.
Schinkel, W. (2011). The nationalization of desire: Transnational marriage in Dutch culturist integration discourse. Focaal—Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology, 2011(59), 99–106.
Schinkel, W. (2018). Against ‘immigrant integration’: For an end to neocolonial knowledge production. Comparative migration studies, 6(1), 31.
Schmidt, G. (2011). Law and identity: Transnational arranged marriages and the boundaries of Danishness. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(2), 257–275.
Schmidtke, O. (2014). Beyond national models? Governing migration and integration at the regional and local levels in Canada and Germany. Comparative Migration Studies, 1(1), 77–99.
Snel, E., Engbersen, G., & Leerkes, A. (2006). Transnational involvement and social integration. Global Networks, 6(3), 285–308.
Spencer, S. (2011). The migration debate. Bristol: Policy Press.
Spencer, S., & Charsley, K. (2016). Conceptualising integration: A framework for empirical research, taking marriage migration as a case study. Comparative Migration Studies, 4(1), 1–19.
Spencer, S., & Cooper, B. (2006). Social integration of migrants in Europe: A review of the European literature 2000–2006. COMPAS. https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/2006/er-2006-integration_europe_literature_review_oecd/. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Spencer, S., Ruhs, M., Anderson, B., & Rogaly, B. (2007). Migrants’ lives beyond the workplace. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Van Tubergen, F., Maas, I., & Flap, H. (2004). The economic incorporation of immigrants in 18 Western societies: Origin, destination, and community effects. American Sociological Review, 69(5), 704–727.
Vermeulen, F. (2005). Organisational patterns: Surinamese and Turkish associations in Amsterdam, 1960–1990. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 3(5), 951–973.
Vislie, L. (2003). From integration to inclusion: Focusing global trends and changes in the western European societies. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 18(1), 17–35.
Waters, M. C., & Jiminez, T. (2005). Assessing immigrant assimilation: New empirical and theoretical challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 105–125.
Wellman, B., Wong, R. Y. L., Tindall, D., & Nazer, N. (1997). A decade of network change: Turnover, persistence and stability in personal communities. Social Networks, 19(1), 27–50.
Wieviorka, M. (2011, February 23). Cessons d’en appeler à l’intégration! Paper presented to the conference on ‘Immigration and Integration in Europe’, Grenoble. http://www.pacte.cnrs.fr/IMG/pdf_WIEVIORKA_Michel.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Wimmer, A., & Glick Schiller, N. (2002). Methodological nationalism and beyond: National-state building, migration and the social sciences. Global Networks, 2(4), 301–334.
Yuval-Davis, N. (1993). Gender and nation. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 16(4), 621–632.
Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., Sigona, N., & Hauser, M. (2003). A survey of policy and practice related to refugee integration in the EU (Final Report to European Refugee Fund Community Actions). Oxford: Oxford Brookes University. file:///C:/Users/lm13656/Downloads/Survey_on_policy_and_practice.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Charsley, K., Bolognani, M., Ersanilli, E., Spencer, S. (2020). Understanding Integration. In: Marriage Migration and Integration. Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40252-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40252-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-40251-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-40252-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)