Abstract
Each hydraulic system in a hydropower station usually involves one or more surge tanks . Such a surge tank behaves as a significant component. It enables the hydraulic system to be rapidly started and stopped. Its essential functions have been found to relieve the system pressure and to stabilize the system operations under conditions of hydraulic transients.
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Notes
- 1.
When the inlet is not found at the same height as the node point m, then the gravitational force in the branch has to be added, in order to obtain pressure head h at the node (m) under the surge tank. Consequently, the same equation of motion is again obtained.
- 2.
- 3.
This assumption is only conditionally correct. In many cases, the throttle resistance is intentionally enlarged to effectively dampen the flow oscillations, see Sect. 5.2.5. The system under Thoma’s concern is thus usually always stable. In the current context of deriving the Thoma criterion, the neglect of the throttle resistance is primarily because of the small volume flow rate \( Q_{3} \) (surge tank) against the volume flow rate \( Q_{1} \) in the penstock, see Fig. 5.4, for instance.
References
Chaudhry, M. H. (2014). Applied hydraulic transients (3rd ed.). New York Inc: Springer.
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Thoma, D. (1910). Theorie des Wasserschlosses bei selbsttätig geregelten Turbinenanlagen, Dissertation, Kgl. Technische Hochschule zu München, Oldenburg in München, Germany.
Zhang, Z. (2012). Hydrodynamisches Verhalten von Wasserschlössern im Triebwassersystems Gr2 und Gr3, technical report, Oberhasli Hydroelectric Power Company (KWO), Innertkirchen, Switzerland, Nr. A000246540.
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Zhang, Z. (2020). Surge Tank Functionality and System Stability. In: Hydraulic Transients and Computations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40233-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40233-4_5
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