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Astrocytes and Development of Neuroendocrine Circuits

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Developmental Neuroendocrinology

Part of the book series: Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology ((MANEURO,volume 9))

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Abstract

Astrocytes, one of the most abundant cell types in the hypothalamus, perform a myriad of functions throughout all stages of development. Radial glia, astroglia-like progenitor cells, are fundamental for neurogenesis, neuronal migration, axon extension, and synaptic formation throughout the brain. These progenitor cells also give rise to mature astrocytes, which are essential for the proper functioning of the brain at all ages. In the hypothalamus, astrocytes play an important role in all neuroendocrine systems. Together with tanycytes, specialized glial cells surrounding the third ventricle of the hypothalamus, astrocytes maintain some of their developmental potential into adulthood, including their progenitor competence and ability to modulate synaptic plasticity. In this chapter, we will address what is known regarding the role of astrocytes in hypothalamic development. We will briefly cover some of the functions that astrocytes perform in specific neuroendocrine systems, as well as how the maintenance of certain developmental capacities during later stages of life is fundamental for systemic adaptation and homeostatic control. Although the roles of astrocytes in neuroendocrine control have received increasing attention in recent years, there is still much to be learned regarding these fascinating cells. Identification of functional astrocytic populations with specific markers will allow these cells to be targeted and more easily manipulated, so that we can begin to learn details about how astroglia participate in the development of specific hypothalamic circuits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA

    Lydia L. DonCarlos

  2. Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Princesa Research Institute La Princesa, Madrid, Spain

    Julie A. Chowen

  3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain

    Julie A. Chowen

Authors
  1. Lydia L. DonCarlos
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  2. Julie A. Chowen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie A. Chowen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, USA

    Susan Wray

  2. Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Seth Blackshaw

Key References

Key References

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  • Malatestaet al. (2003). Important contributions in order to understand radial glia.

  • Mong et al. (1996). One of the first studies to demonstrate sex differences in glial cells in the hypothalamus.

  • Morel et al. (2017). Important advances in understanding differences in astrocytes in different brain regions.

  • Naftolin et al. (1996). An early study associating synaptic remodeling in the hypothalamus with a physiological outcome.

  • Perlmutter et al. (1985). A seminal study in understanding the physiological outcome of interactions between neurons and glia in the hypothalamus.

  • Pfrieger et al. (1997). A clear advance in undestanding the role of astrocytes in synaptic transmission.

  • Prevot et al. (2018). A recent update on the implications of tanycytes in neuroendocrine control.

  • Theodosis et al. (1986). A seminal study of neuron-glial interactions in physiology.

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DonCarlos, L.L., Chowen, J.A. (2020). Astrocytes and Development of Neuroendocrine Circuits. In: Wray, S., Blackshaw, S. (eds) Developmental Neuroendocrinology. Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40002-6_14

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