Abstract
In this chapter, students will become familiar with several different ways to create 3D shapes from biologically compatible scaffold materials. These approaches can include multilayer cell sheets using thermally regulated polymeric materials, or the creation of porous scaffolds using casting, leaching, or electrospinning techniques. Alternatively, 3D printing can be employed to manufacture a desired shape by laying down the materials layer-by-layer, creating both acellular and cell-seeded scaffolds. Bioprinting is useful in making more complex structures since it enables to use various materials, co-print multiple cell types, and incorporate bioactive molecules in a spatially defined manner. A brief discussion of most common types of bioinks and the use of support bath to prevent the collapse of soft 3D constructs are also included.
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References and Further Reading
A. Salerno, G. Cesarelli, P. Pedram, P.A. Netti, Modular strategies to build cell-free and cell-laden scaffolds towards bioengineered tissues and organs. J. Clin. Med. 8(11), 1816 (2019)
P.F. Egan, Integrated design approaches for 3D printed tissue scaffolds: Review and outlook. Materials (Basel) 12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152355
U. Jammalamadaka, K. Tappa, Recent advances in biomaterials for 3D printing and tissue engineering. J. Funct. Biomater. 9(1), 22 (2018)
R.M. Allaf, Melt-molding technologies for 3D scaffold engineering. Funct. 3D Tissue Eng. Scaffolds, 75–100 (2018)
P. Koti, N. Muselimyan, E. Mirdamadi, H. Asfour, N.A. Sarvazyan, Use of GelMA for 3D printing of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. J. 3D Print. Med (2019). https://doi.org/10.2217/3dp-2018–0017
E. Mirdamadi, N. Muselimyan, P. Koti, H. Asfour, N.A. Sarvazyan, Agarose slurry as a support medium for bioprinting and culturing free-standing cell-laden hydrogel constructs. 3D Print. Addit. Manuf. 6(3), 158–164 (2019)
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Self-Check Questions
Self-Check Questions
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Q.10.1.
During the 3D printing process, cells are least likely to be damaged by
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A.
UV crosslinking
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B.
Shear stress
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C.
Lack of oxygen and nutrients
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D.
Low temperature
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A.
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Q.10.2.
During 3D printing using pneumatic extrusion, the diameter of extruded lines can be affected by all, EXCEPT
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A.
The viscosity of the bioink
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B.
The velocity of the needle tip movement
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C.
Type of the cells within the bioink
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D.
Size of the needle
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A.
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Q.10.3.
The cast of what shape cannot be removed without breaking agarose mold?
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A.
Sphere
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B.
Cube
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C.
Cone
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D.
Cylinder
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A.
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Q.10.4.
All of these factors below have been used to help solidify bioink material, EXCEPT
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A.
The concentration of calcium ions
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B.
Temperature
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C.
Duration of UV exposure
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D.
Concentration of magnesium ions
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A.
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Q.10.5.
Select the mismatched pair.
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A.
Alginate—calcium ions
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B.
Gelatin—temperature
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C.
Collagen—pH
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D.
GelMA—osmolarity
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A.
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Grigoryan, V., Sarvazyan, N. (2020). Casting and 3D Printing. In: Sarvazyan, N. (eds) Tissue Engineering. Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39698-5_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39698-5_10
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