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Comparative Phylogeography of Antarctic Seaweeds: Genetic Consequences of Historical Climatic Variations

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Antarctic Seaweeds

Abstract

In the Southern Ocean, rapid climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary are thought to have induced range contractions and bottlenecks, which drastically impacted marine communities. For photosynthetic macroalgae that are restricted to very shallow waters, survival in deepwater refugia is not possible. Comparing pattern of distribution of genetic diversity using sequences of mitochondrial and chloroplast markers in distinct species of green, brown and red macroalgae, we sought to detect common responses to the effect of these glacial cycles. All the Antarctic macroalgae were characterized by very low genetic diversity, absence of genetic structure and significant signatures of recent population expansion. The eight studied species seem to have barely survived glacial events in situ, in a unique refugium from which they recolonized their current distribution area. We propose that polynyas or areas showing long-term geothermal activity along Antarctic continental margins or peri-Antarctic islands could be good candidate as glacial refugium, but more variable genetic markers will be needed to precisely pinpoint its location. Common haplotypes, scattered over hundreds or even thousands of kilometres of coastline, point out to long-distance dispersal of fronds drifting on the strong oceanic currents in the region as the main mechanism of postglacial expansion.

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Acknowledgments

Funding by Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH) T_16-11 and RG_15-16 and the Centro FONDAP IDEAL no. 15150003 is gratefully acknowledged. At King George Island, sampling of Monostroma hariotii and Himantothallus grandifolius was done with the help of the Project Anillo ART1101 from Conicyt-Chile. The authors thank P. Brunning, J. L. Kappes, T. Heran, Y. Henriquez and L. Vallejos for their help in the field. The authors would also like to thank the Chilean Navy (especially the captain and crew of the ships Almirante Oscar Viel and Lautaro), the staff from the Chilean Army in the O’Higgins base and the Air Force of Chile (FACh) for the logistic support of our fieldwork in Subantarctica and Antarctica.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile

    Marie-Laure Guillemin, Leyla Cárdenas, Hélène Dubrasquet, Alejandro Montecinos & Kamilla Flores Robles

  2. CNRS, UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, France

    Marie-Laure Guillemin, Ignacio Garrido & Alejandro Montecinos

  3. Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile

    Marie-Laure Guillemin, Claudio González-Wevar & Leyla Cárdenas

  4. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile

    Claudio González-Wevar & Ignacio Garrido

  5. Département de Biologie et Quebec Océan– Ocean Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

    Ignacio Garrido

  6. Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes (LEMAS), Punta Arenas, Chile

    Paula Ocaranza-Barrera

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  1. Marie-Laure Guillemin
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Correspondence to Marie-Laure Guillemin .

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  1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems, (IDEAL) Valdivia, Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Iván Gómez

  2. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Pirjo Huovinen

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Guillemin, ML. et al. (2020). Comparative Phylogeography of Antarctic Seaweeds: Genetic Consequences of Historical Climatic Variations. In: Gómez, I., Huovinen, P. (eds) Antarctic Seaweeds. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_6

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